【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百一十一）┃企业用工风险防范之保密协议

保密协议是指协议当事人之间就一方告知另一方的书面或口头信息，约定不得向任何第三方披露该等信息的协议。负有保密义务的当事人违反协议约定，将保密信息披露给第三方，将要承担民事责任甚至刑事责任。保密协议一般需要明确保密信息的范围、明确保密主体、约定保密期限、明确双方的权利、义务并确定纠纷管辖机构等。

Confidentiality agreement refers to an agreement between the parties to the agreement that one party informs the other of the other party in writing or verbal information, stipulating that such information cannot be disclosed to any third party. The party with the obligation of confidentiality will violate the agreement and disclose the confidential information to a third party, and will bear civil liability and even criminal liability. Confidentiality agreements generally need to clarify the scope of confidential information, clarify the subject of confidentiality, stipulate the duration of confidentiality, clarify the rights and obligations of both parties, and determine the dispute jurisdiction.

违反保密协议的法律责任有：违约责任、侵权责任、刑事责任。

（1）违约责任：劳动者违反劳动合同或保密协议中约定的保密事项的，应当承担违约责任。违约责任的形式包括违约金和损失赔偿两种。

（2）侵权责任：劳动者违反法定的保密义务构成侵权的，应当承担侵权的民事责任。侵权赔偿责任适用《反不正当竞争法》第20条第1款规定：“经营者违反本法规定，给被侵害的经营者造成损害的，应当承担损害赔偿责任，被侵害的经营者的损失难以计算的，赔偿额为侵权人在侵权期间因侵权所获得的利润；并应当承担被侵害的经营者因调查该经营者侵害其合法权益的不正当行为所支付的合理费用。”

（3）刑事责任：如果劳动者给商业秘密的权利人造成直接经济损失数额在50万元以上的，就可能构成侵犯商业秘密罪而被追究刑事责任。根据《刑法》第219条规定，给商业秘密的权利人造成重大损失的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处罚金；造成特别严重后果的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金。

The legal liabilities for breach of confidentiality agreements are: breach of contract liability, tort liability, and criminal liability.

(1) Liability for breach of contract: Workers who violate the confidentiality matters stipulated in the labor contract or confidentiality agreement shall bear the liability for breach of contract. Liability for breach of contract includes liquidated damages and damages.

(2) Liability for infringement: If a worker violates the statutory obligation of confidentiality and constitutes an infringement, he shall bear civil liability for infringement. The liability for tort compensation shall apply the provisions of Article 20, paragraph 1, of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law: "If an operator violates the provisions of this law and causes damage to the infringed operator, he shall bear the liability for damage compensation and the loss of the infringed operator. If it is difficult to calculate, the amount of compensation shall be the profit obtained by the infringer during the infringement; and shall bear the reasonable expenses paid by the infringed operator for investigating the unjust act of the infringement of the legitimate rights and interests of the operator."

(3) Criminal liability: If the worker causes direct economic losses of more than 500,000 yuan to the owner of the trade secret, it may constitute a crime of infringing on the trade secret and be prosecuted for criminal responsibility. According to Article 219 of the Criminal Law, those who cause significant losses to the owners of trade secrets shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or detention, and shall be imposed with a single fine; if they cause particularly serious consequences, they shall be sentenced to more than three years but less than seven years Imprisonment and fines.