签订买卖合同是日常市场交易中最常见的一种活动，对于合同签订过程中的一些细节和条款，我们要慎之又慎，以防合同欺诈，避免不必要的损失和纠纷。 Signing a sales contract is one of the most common activities in daily market transactions. We need to be cautious about some details and terms in the contract signing process to prevent contract fraud and unnecessary losses and disputes. 
(一)合同主体资格的审核 确认主体是否具备订立合同的资格，同时核实签约方是否具有实际履行能力。 1、主体是法人组织的： ①在订立合同时要求对方提供资格证明如营业执照的原件。 ②注意审查营业执照是否有瑕疵，比如被吊销、被暂扣等情况。 ③可以通过当地的工商管理部门审查对方实际注册资本和资金，确保其有合同实际履行能力。 ④确认买卖方必须是标的物的所有人或者有权处分该物的组织。 2、主体是个人的，对其进行履约能力的审查可以通过对其单位及其同事、家庭、朋友、邻居等进行调查，以获取相关信息，最后综合判断其是否具有履约能力和信用程度。 (二)合同当事人的名称或者姓名和住所 如果主体是法人组织的应以营业执照名称为准，如果自然人以居民身份证上的名字为准。 (三)标的物名称、规格、型号、生产厂商、产地、数量及价款需明确具体 (四)履行的期限、地点、方式需明确具体 (五)交货的时间、地点、方式需明确具体 (六)检验标准、时间、方法需明确具体 (七)结算方式的约定需明确具体 (八)违约责任方面 违约责任的约定，应该具体可行。如果双方违反了应尽的义务，应当按照合同约定承担违约责任，合同没有约定的按照法律规定承担违约责任。对违约行为的惩处，合同双方应在合同违约责任条款中加以详细描述。 (九)解决争议的方法 解决争议的方法，要明确具体。此外，对于约定的争议处理机构和起诉法院不得超出地域管辖权。 (1) Review of contract subject qualification Confirm whether the entity is qualified to conclude the contract, and verify whether the contracting party has actual performance capabilities. 1. The subject is organized by a legal person: ① When signing the contract, the other party is required to provide the qualification certificate such as the original of the business license. ② Pay attention to check whether the business license is flawed, such as being revoked or suspended. ③ The actual registered capital and funds of the other party can be reviewed by the local industrial and commercial management department to ensure that they have the actual ability to perform the contract. ④Confirm that the buyer and seller must be the owner of the object or an organization that has the right to dispose of the object. 2. The subject is an individual, and the review of its performance ability can be carried out by investigating its unit and its colleagues, family, friends, neighbors, etc., to obtain relevant information, and finally comprehensively judge whether it has the performance ability and credit level. (2) The name or name and domicile of the parties to the contract If the subject is a legal person organization, the name of the business license shall prevail. If the natural person shall refer to the name on the resident ID card. (3) The name, specifications, model, manufacturer, place of production, quantity and price of the subject matter must be clear and specific (4) The time limit, place and method of performance need to be clear and specific (5) The time, place and method of delivery must be clear and specific (6) Inspection standards, time, and methods need to be clear and specific (7) The agreement of the settlement method needs to be clear and specific (8) Liability for breach of contract The agreement on liability for breach of contract should be specific and feasible. If both parties violate their due obligations, they shall bear the liability for breach of contract in accordance with the contract. If the contract does not stipulate, they shall bear the liability for breach of contract in accordance with the law. The punishment for breach of contract shall be described in detail in the contract breach liability clause. (9) Methods of dispute resolution The method for resolving disputes should be clear and specific. In addition, the agreed dispute settlement agency and the prosecution court must not exceed geographical jurisdiction. 
(十)其他注意事项 1、合同主体名称和签订人名字首尾须保持一致。 出卖方应该注意买受方合同尾部的单位名称须与合同首部的单位名称一致、所加盖的公章或合同专用章上的单位名称须与书写的单位名称一致，法定代表人、委托代理人的名字是否与真实名字一致，不能有错字、别字、漏字或简称。 2、对代理人签订合同的应对其代理权进行审查。 对于对方业务员或经营管理人员代表其单位订立的合同，应注意了解对方的授权情况，包括授权范围、授权期限、介绍信的真实性，对非法定代表人的高级管理人员，如副总经理、副董事长等，应了解其是否具有代表权。才能避免无权代理的情形。 3、防范合同恶意履行。 合同恶意履行的情况比较复杂，但在订立合同时如能进行积极的事前防范将极大的减少合同风险。对对方资信有质疑的可以要求对方提供担保。另外在合同履行中保留相关证据，出现纠纷时，积极行使诉权通过人民法院保护自己的权利，以免因超过诉讼时效而蒙受损失。 4、合同订立应采取书面形式并使用比较标准的合同范本。 尽管我国《合同法》允许采用书面形式、口头形式等各种形式，但非书面形式在发生纠纷时不好确定双方责任，容易被人利用进行欺诈。因此，订立合同应尽量采用书面形式。如果有疑问的还可以咨询有经验的专业律师或工商局。保证买卖合同的合法性，真实性、有效性。 (10) Other matters needing attention 1. The name of the main body of the contract and the name of the signer must be consistent. The seller should note that the name of the unit at the end of the buyer’s contract must be consistent with the name of the unit at the beginning of the contract, the name of the unit on the official seal or the special seal of the contract must be consistent with the name of the unit written, the legal representative, the authorized agent’s Whether the name is consistent with the real name, there must be no typos, typos, missing words or abbreviations. 2. The agent's rights should be reviewed when the agent signs a contract. For the contract signed by the other party's salesman or operation manager on behalf of his unit, he should pay attention to understand the other party's authorization, including the scope of authorization, the authorization period, and the authenticity of the letter of introduction. For senior management personnel who are not legal representatives, such as deputy general managers , Vice Chairman, etc., should understand whether they have the right to represent. In order to avoid the situation of unauthorized agents. 3. To prevent malicious performance of the contract. The situation of malicious performance of the contract is more complicated, but if you can take active precautions when signing the contract, it will greatly reduce the contract risk. If there is any doubt about the credit of the other party, the other party may be required to provide guarantee. In addition, the relevant evidence is retained in the performance of the contract. In the event of a dispute, the people’s court shall be actively exercised to protect their rights through the people’s court, so as not to suffer losses due to exceeding the limitation of action. 4. The conclusion of the contract shall be in written form and use a standard contract model. Although my country's "Contract Law" allows various forms such as written and verbal forms, non-written forms are difficult to determine the responsibilities of both parties when disputes arise, and are easily used by people for fraud. Therefore, the conclusion of the contract should be in written form as much as possible. If in doubt, you can also consult an experienced professional lawyer or the Bureau of Industry and Commerce. Ensure the legality, authenticity and validity of the sales contract. | 
