【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（九十三）┃企业法律风险防范

这次直播，简单概述了关于企业事务的一些风险与防范问题，内容主要是从公司治理和合同的签订履行两方面分析风险提出对策,其中公司治理包括从设立部分到股东权利及激励部分。

设立阶段，往往是企业最应当重视的阶段，在此阶段要设立企业形式,不同的企业形式相对应承担的也是不同的责任形式,如:公司股东承担有限责任。个人独资企业的设立人承担无限责任，合伙企业的合伙人承担无限连带责任，股份合作制企业的股东承担有限责任。

因此，设立人在设立初期对于选择什么企业形式应当注意与其相对应的责任承担形式。

This live broadcast briefly summarizes somerisks and prevention issues about enterprise affairs, mainly analyzing risksand proposing countermeasures from the two aspects of corporate governance andcontract signing and performance, among which corporate governance includesfrom the establishment part to shareholders' rights and incentives.

The establishment stage is usually the stagethat the enterprise should pay the most attention to. In this stage, theenterprise form should be established. Different forms of the enterprise shouldassume different forms of responsibility, for example, the shareholders of thecompany assume limited liability. The founder of a sole proprietorshipenterprise shall assume unlimited liability, the partners of a partnershipenterprise shall assume unlimited joint and several liability, and theshareholders of a joint stock enterprise shall assume limited liability.

Therefore, the founder should pay attentionto the corresponding forms of responsibility in the initial stage ofestablishment.

而公司作为企业最主要的形式，是最具有现代企业特征的企业，从不同角度也有多种划分，如有限公司与股份公司、子公司与母公司等。公司最主要的特点便是其独立人格和股东的有限责任，英美法系学者形象的将其称为罩在公司头上的面纱，为防止股东滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任来恶意躲避债务，我国公司法对刺破公司面纱作了具体规定：股东滥用公司法人独立地位和股东有限责任，逃避债务，严重损害公司债权人利益的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任。

The company, as the most important form ofenterprise, is the enterprise with the most characteristics of modernenterprise. From different perspectives, there are also a variety of divisions,such as limited company and joint-stock company, subsidiary company and parentcompany. Company's main characteristic is its independent personality andlimited liability of shareholders, the scholar image of the Anglo-American lawsystem should be referred to as the cover to the veil of the company's head, toprevent shareholders abusing independent legal person status and shareholderlimited liability company to malicious to avoid debt, our country company lawto prick the company veil made specific provision: shareholders abusingindependent legal person status and shareholder limited liability company, toavoid debt, serious harm the interests of the creditors, shall be jointly andseverally liable to the company's debts.

一些特殊形式的公司也有着特别的规定，如由一个自然人投资设立的一人公司形式：自然人投资设立一人公司后不得投资设立新的一人有限公司，此外，若一人公司的股东不能证明公司财产独立于自己财产的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任，财务方面的不合规会导致个人承担公司的巨额债务风险。

而在合同方面，部分企业领导对合同主体存在误区，合同是平等主体间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议，有关身份关系的协议不适用合同法的规定。此外，合同的内容需要考虑的问题也不容欠缺,合同的主体资格、标的、是否对有担保、对方的履约能力等都是需要考虑的，同时，内容的合法性与效力有关，也需要兼顾。合同的解除也即意味着双方法律关系的终止，一般需要通过协议解除、约定解除、法定解除三种方式，除去事后根据协商的协议解除和根据法律的法定解除外，事前在合同中约定解除条件也是显得尤其重要。

因此，企业的各项事务越来越需要合规，企业的法律风险也应得到重视，严峻的法律风险防控工作是现代企业的必经之路。

Some special form of the company also has aspecial regulation, such as by a natural person investment to set up a company:the natural person investment after the one-man company is established shallnot set up any new one-person limited company, in addition, if a company'sshareholders can't prove that company property independent of their property,shall be jointly and severally liable to the company's debts, financialirregularities can lead to individual company's huge debt risk.

In the aspect of contract, some enterpriseleaders have misunderstandings about the subject of the contract. The contractis an agreement between equal subjects to establish, change and terminate therelationship of civil rights and obligations. The agreement concerning identityrelationship does not apply to the provisions of the contract law. In addition,the content of the contract needs to consider the question is not deficient,the subject qualification of the contract, the subject matter, whether there isa guarantee, the other party's ability to perform the contract, etc., need toconsider, at the same time, the legality and effectiveness of the content, alsoneed to take into account. The rescission of the contract also means thetermination of the legal relationship between the two parties. Generally, it isnecessary to rescind the contract through agreement, agreement and legalrescission. Besides the rescission of the agreement and legal rescissionaccording to the law, it is particularly important to stipulate the rescissionconditions in the contract in advance.

Therefore, various affairs of enterprisesneed compliance more and more, and legal risks of enterprises should also bepaid attention to. Severe prevention and control of legal risks is the only wayfor modern enterprises.