【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（八十八）┃套牌车情形下发生交通事故的举证责任分配

机动车套牌现象屡见不鲜。套牌车发生交通事故，被套牌机动车所有人与套牌机动车所有人均无法证明交通事故发生时，其机动车不在现场，此时，应当如何处理？

The phenomenon of vehicle registration iscommon. When a licensed vehicle has a traffic accident, both the owner of thelicensed motor vehicle and the owner of the licensed motor vehicle cannot provethat the motor vehicle is not at the scene when the traffic accident occurs. Atthis time, what should be done?

一种处理方法是由套牌机动车所有人或者管理人与被套牌机动车所有人或者管理人对被侵权人的损失承担按份责任；另一种处理方法则更进一步保护被侵权人合法权益，让套牌机动车所有人或者管理人与被套牌机动车所有人或者管理人对被侵权人的损失承担连带责任。

但这两种做法对被套牌机动车所有人或者管理人都有所不公。因为在大多数情形下，被套牌机动车所有人或者管理人因不知其车被套牌而主观上没有过错，而套牌机动车所有人则是实施恶意套牌行为，主观过错明显。因此，在双方都无法证明其机动车不在事故现场的情形下，让被套牌机动车所有人承担与套牌机动车所有人一样的法律后果，即意味着同样的法律评价。显然，这种不区分主观过错而进行同一评价的做法违反了“同样情况同样处理，不同情况不同处理”的适用原则。

One method is that the owner or manager of a licensed motor vehicle and the owneror manager of a licensed motor vehicle shall bear their respectiveresponsibilities for the losses of the infringed. The other method furtherprotects the legitimate rights and interests of the infringed, and makes theowner or manager of the licensed motor vehicle and the owner or manager of thelicensed motor vehicle jointly and severally liable for the losses of theinfringed.

But these two kinds of practices are unfair to the owner or manager of the licensedmotor vehicle. Because in most cases, the owner or manager of the licensedmotor vehicle is not subjectively at fault because they do not know theirvehicle is being licensed, while the owner of the licensed motor vehicle iscarrying out malicious licensing, with obvious subjective fault. Therefore, inthe case that neither party can prove that its motor vehicle is not at thescene of the accident, the owner of the licensed motor vehicle shall bear thesame legal consequences as the owner of the licensed motor vehicle, which meansthe same legal evaluation. Obviously, the practice of making the sameevaluation without discriminating between subjective faults violates theapplicable principle of "the same case shall be treated the same, anddifferent cases shall be treated differently".

因此，在此情形下，可将证明责任分配给套牌机动车所有人或者管理人，如果其不能举证证明该损害后果是由被套牌机动车所有人或者管理人造成，则应对被侵权人承担赔偿责任。

Therefore,in this case, the burden of proof can be distributed to the owner or manager ofthe licensed motor vehicle. If the owner or manager cannot prove that thedamage is caused by the owner or manager of the licensed motor vehicle, theinfringed party shall be liable for compensation.