【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（六十八）|高空抛物危害大，规范自身行为，安全你我他

近年来，高空抛物行为频繁发生，高空抛物不仅是个人行为的不文明，更会严重危害他人安全，影响社会稳定。以下我们来看一下近几年典型的高空抛物事件：

1.2020年3月16日，河南某小区从天而降一箱茅台，致使楼下停放车辆挡风玻璃被杂碎；

2.2019年4月4日，江西某小区内，一辆共享单车从天而降，一位年近80岁的老人被砸中后倒地不起。最终，老人经抢救无效离世；

3.2018年3月9日，广东东莞一小区三个月大的婴儿被高空抛下的苹果砸中。经诊断，女婴为重型颅脑损伤，顶骨粉碎性凹陷性骨折，创伤性休克。经法院审判，最终判决赔偿受害人185万余元；

4.2016年11月11日，四川的李女士用婴儿车推着不满周岁的女儿准备回家，经过人行道时，突然一个健身铁球从天而降，刚好落在婴儿车里，女婴被砸身亡；

In recent years, the behavior of throwing objects at high altitude occurs frequently. Throwing objects at high altitude is not only an uncivilized behavior of individuals, but also a serious threat to the safety of others and an impact on social stability. Here's a look at the typical high-altitude projectile events of recent years:

1. On March 16, 2020, a box of “Moutai” fell from the sky in a residential area in Henan, causing the windshield of parked cars downstairs to be smashed;

2.A nearly 80-year-old man falls to the ground after being hit by a Shared bike in a community in Jiangxi province on April 4, 2019. Eventually, the old man died after unsuccessful rescue;

3.A three-month-old baby is hit by an apple thrown from high above in a residential area in Dongguan, th south of Guangdong Province, March 9, 2018. According to the diagnosis, the girl suffered from severe head injury, comminuted depression fracture of parietal bone and traumatic shock. After the court trial, the final judgment compensation victims more than 1.85 million yuan;

4. On November 11, 2016, Ms. Li from Lichuan province was pushing her daughter under the age of one to go home in a pram. When she was crossing the sidewalk, a fitness iron ball suddenly fell from the sky and landed in the pram.

以上历历在目的高空抛物的事件，不仅危害个人的安全，收到影响的还有整个家庭和社会的稳定。如果有一天这种行为发生在我们身边该怎么办？受害人或家属该如何维权？如何确定行为人的主体资格？

The events mentioned above not only endanger the safety of individuals, but also affect the stability of the whole family and society. What if one day this kind of behavior happens around us? How should the victim or family member safeguard rights? How to determine the subject qualification of the actor?

01：所有人或者管理人、使用人对其无过错承担举证责任

2018年北京某小区一小区吴某居住的房屋窗户玻璃坠落，导致田某和李某所有的小客车受损。为此，田某和李某支付车辆维修费8万余元，他们起诉至法院，要求吴某赔偿。吴某则以二人将涉案车辆停放在便道上，且墙上有“小心高空坠物，禁止人车停留”警示标语为由进行辩解，主张田某和李某对损害后果也有责任。

法院最终认定，高空坠物致害的侵权责任由坠落物的所有人、管理人或使用人对其无过错承担举证责任。最终吴某未能提供证据证明自身对侵权行为的发生没有过错，因此判决吴某赔偿田某、李某合理必要的损失。

In 2018, Windows of Wu's house in a Beijing neighborhood fell, damaging all of Tian's and Li's minibuses. For this, Tian and Li pay car to maintain cost more than 80 thousand yuan, they Sue to the court, ask Wu to compensate. Wu is two people will be involved in the car park on the sidewalk, and the wall has "beware of falling things, prohibit people and cars stay" warning signs for justification, claimed that Tian and Li consequences of the damage is also responsible.

Finally, the court held that the owner, manager or user of the falling object should bear the burden of proof for its innocence. In the end, Wu failed to provide evidence to prove that he was not at fault for the occurrence of the infringement, so Wu was judged to compensate Tian and Li for the reasonable and necessary losses.

02：责任主体不能确定时，无法排除致害可能性的住户分担赔偿责任

2006年深圳某区的小学生钟某在放学回家路上，经过一栋住宅楼前时，恰好被一块从天而降的玻璃砸中头部，抢救无效死亡。警方经过入户调查、指纹比对等技术手段始终未能找出肇事者。钟某家属将该栋楼同一面的73户业主集体诉至法院，最终法院判决73户均对受害人家属进行一定的补偿。当然，如果发现了真正加害人，可以向真正的加害人进行追偿。

In 2006, Zhong, a primary school student in a district of Shenzhen, died after being hit on the head by a piece of falling glass on his way home from school in front of a residential building. Police have been unable to identify the perpetrators through home investigations, fingerprint comparisons and other technical means. Zhong family members of the building will be the same side of the 73 owners of the collective complaint to the court, the court finally decided that 73 families are victims of a certain compensation for the family members. Of course, if the real offender is found, compensation can be sought from the real offender.

03：物业公司基于合同约定承担相应致害责任

虽然物业管理公司的名称中有“管理”二字，但其承担侵权责任的前提是与业主签订物业服务合同，通过合同约定赋予物业公司相应的管控、维修、保养义务。基于合同明确约定，物业公司作为建筑物管理人对建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施及其搁置物、悬挂物进行管理，并承担相应责任。

Although the name of the property management company has the word "management", but the premise of its tort liability is to sign a property service contract with the owner, through which the property management company is given the corresponding control, repair, maintenance obligations. Based on the contract, the property management company, as the manager of the building, shall manage the buildings, structures or other facilities, as well as the suspended and suspended objects, and assume corresponding responsibilities.

为防止以上事件的发生，重点在于预防，并非在于事后补救措施。行为人不仅要认识到高空抛物行为的危害性，更要规范自己的行为，对身边的人，更多的是小孩起到模范带头的作用，对于小孩的高空抛物行为应当制止并进行教育。同时作为管理方，应当完善相应的监控设施设备，加强管理和巡防，发现问题及时修复，防止警示标识，从而避免不必要的隐患。

In order to prevent the occurrence of the above events, the focus is on prevention, not on remedial measures. The actor should not only realize the harmfulness of throwing objects at high altitude, but also regulate his own behavior, to the people around, more children play a role of model, the behavior of throwing objects at high altitude should be stopped and education. At the same time, as the management side, should improve the corresponding monitoring facilities and equipment, strengthen management and patrol, find problems timely repair, prevent warning signs, so as to avoid unnecessary hidden trouble.