【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（三十二）|在合同中约定仲裁条款的那些事？

近些年，大家法律意识不断提高，发生纠纷后都会通过法律途径解决，至于法律途径你们了解哪些？想必大部分人第一个会想到法院，也有少部分会想到仲裁，那么你们真正了解仲裁机制吗？了解如何完善合同里关于仲裁条款的约定吗？对此2020年3月13日，陕西云德律师事务所王单律师在线上直播间给大家进行了仲裁知识介绍。

In recent years, everyone's awareness of the law has been increasing, disputes will be resolved through legal means, as for the legal way you know what? Presumably most people first think of the court, and a small number of people think of arbitration, so do you really understand the arbitration mechanism? Learn how to perfect the agreement on arbitration clauses in your contract? On March 13, 2020, Wang Dan, a lawyer at Shaanxi Yunde Law Firm, gave an arbitration knowledge introduction to everyone on the online broadcast.

仲裁是指纠纷当事人自愿达成协议，将纠纷提交专设机构审理，并作出对争议各方均有约束力的裁决的一种解决纠纷的制度和方式。

Arbitration refers to a system and method of disputeresolution whereby the parties to a dispute reach an agreement voluntarily,submit the dispute to a special institution for hearing, and make a bindingdecision on the parties to the dispute.

为了带大家了解仲裁的特点，王律师就仲裁与诉讼之间特点进行对比，内容如下：

In order to bring you to understand the characteristics of arbitration, Lawyer Wang compared the characteristics between arbitration and litigation, as follows:

01:受理机构性质的差异

仲裁受理机构为仲裁委员会，比如西安的是西安仲裁委员会；诉讼受理机构为法院，法院是国家审判机关。

The arbitration accepting institution is the arbitration committee, such as Xi'an Arbitration Commission in Xi'an, and the court is the court, which is the state judicial organ.

02:审理组织组成方式的差异

仲裁庭由一名仲裁员或者三名仲裁员组成仲裁庭进行审理，部分仲裁员当事人可以选定；法院审理民事案件，由审判员一人独任审理或由审判员与人民陪审员组成合议庭审理；诉讼当事人除依民事诉讼法可以申请回避外，对审判人员及合议庭组成方式无选择、决定的权利。

The arbitral tribunal shall be tried by an arbitrator or three arbitrators, and some of the arbitrators may be selected by the parties to the court; the court shall hear a civil case by a single judge or a collegial panel composed of the judges and the people's jurors; and the litigants may apply for recusal in addition to the civil procedure law, There is no right to choose or decide on the way in which judges and collegial chambers are formed.

03：管辖的差异

仲裁程序的当事人不仅可以选择仲裁员，甚至仲裁地点、仲裁机构、仲裁规则、仲裁事项都可以选择，当事人享有很大的自主权；民事诉讼则实行严格的级别管辖和地域管辖制度。案件向哪个法院起诉由法律规定，当事人一般无权自由选择。

The parties to the arbitration proceedings can choose not only arbitrators, but also the place of arbitration, arbitration institutions, arbitration rules and arbitration matters, and the parties enjoy great autonomy; The court in which the case is brought against is provided by law, and the parties generally have no right to choose freely.

04：受理条件的差异

申请仲裁应当同时具备下列条件：一、有仲裁协议；二、有具体的仲裁请求和事实、理由；三、属于仲裁委员会的受理范围；民事诉讼法赋予了民事主体普遍、平等的诉讼权利，人人享有诉权。

The following conditions shall be met when applying for arbitration: 1.There are specific claims, facts and reasons for the arbitration; 3. It iswithin the scope of acceptance by the arbitration commission; The civilprocedure law endows the civil subject with universal and equal litigationrights, and everyone has the right to litigate.

05：受案范围的差异

仲裁委员会受理的案件只是平等主体的公民、法人和其他组织之间发生的合同纠纷和其他财产权益纠纷，不包括婚姻、收养、监护、扶养、继承纠纷，不能仲裁人身关系纠纷；法院审判的案件则可以是财产关系纠纷，也可以是人身关系纠纷。

The cases accepted by the arbitration commission are only contractdisputes and other disputes over property rights and interests betweencitizens, legal persons and other organizations that are equal subjects,excluding disputes over marriage, adoption, guardianship, maintenance andinheritance. The case that the court tries can be property relation dispute,also can be personal relation dispute.

06：保密性的差异

仲裁以保密为原则，公开为例外。除双方当事人和仲裁员外，他人不能旁听，裁决一般不予公布；诉讼以公开为原则，不公开为例外。即法院审理民事诉讼案件，除涉及国家秘密、个人隐私或法律另有规定的以外，都采取公开审理的方式进行，案例都会公开上网。

Arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the principle of confidentiality, with the exception of publicity. Except the two parties andthe arbitrator, no one can attend the hearing, and the award is generally notpublished. The principle of litigation is to be open, not open as an exception.Namely the court tries civil action case, except involve state secret,individual privacy or law to have a regulation additionally, adopt the means ofopen trial to undertake, the case can be on the net openly.

07：费用的差异

经过相比，小额标的时仲裁费用比诉讼费高，大额诉讼时费用差异不大，几百上千万时仲裁收费低于诉讼。

Compared with the small target time arbitration costs are higher than litigation costs, large litigation costs vary little, hundreds of millions of times the arbitration fee is lower than litigation.

08：作出决定方式的差异

仲裁裁决按照多数仲裁员的意见作出，少数仲裁员的不同意见可以记入笔录；仲裁庭不能形成多数意见时，裁决按照首席仲裁员的意见作出；法院审判案件由合议庭或独任审判员进行，合议庭讨论案件按照少数服从多数的原则作出决定，重大疑难案件还需提交审判委员会讨论决定。

The arbitral award shall be made in accordance with the opinions of the majority of arbitrators, and the dissenting opinions of a few arbitrators may be recorded, if the arbitral tribunal is unable to form a majority opinion, the award shall be made in accordance with the opinion solely of the presiding arbitrator, the court shall try the case by a collegial panel or a sole judge, and the collegial panel shall discuss the decision of the case in accordance with the principle of minority obedience to the majority, Major cases of difficulty are still to be referred to the Trial Committee for discussion and decision.

09：纠正错误裁判机会的差异

双方当事人对仲裁庭做出的裁决不服时，可以自收到裁决书之日起的6个月内向仲裁委员会所在地的中级人民法院申请撤销裁决；如果仲裁裁决进入到了执行阶段，也可以向法院提出申请不予执行；民事诉讼实行两审终审制，当事人任何一方对一审判决不服的，可以上诉至中级人民法院，如果认为已生效的判决、裁定或调解书有错误的，还可以申请再审。

If the parties are not satisfied with the award made by the arbitral tribunal, they may apply to the Intermediate People's Court where the arbitration committee is located to set aside the award within 6 months from the date of receipt of the award; If either party is not satisfied with the judgment of the first instance, it may appeal to the Intermediate People's Court and apply for a retrial if it is considered that there is a error in the judgment, ruling or mediation that has entered into force.

10：当事人申请执行途径的差异

对于已生效的仲裁裁决，一方不履行时，另一方可以向被执行人住所地或者被执行的财产所在地的中级法院申请执行。

In the case of an arbitral award in force, if one party fails to perform, the other party may apply to the intermediate court at the place of residence of the executed person or the place where the property is executed.

民事诉讼案件中一方当事人拒绝履行法院发生法律效力的判决、裁定的，不论裁判文书是一审法院作出的，还是二审法院作出的，双方当事人都应当向第一审法院申请执行。

If a party refuses to perform a judgment or ruling that has the legal effect of the court in a civil action case, the parties shall apply to the court of first instance for enforcement, whether the judicial instrument is made by the court of first instance or by the court of second instance.

律师建议：结合上述分析王律师建议以下几种情形可以考虑选用仲裁方式：第一，公司之间；第二，标的额较大的交易之间可以采用；第三，一些需要及时处理的纠纷比如涉及到一些生鲜瓜果之类；第四，国际之间的贸易纠纷；上述纠纷显著的特点都是数额较大，需要及时处理，并且保密要求较高。

Combinedwith the above analysis, lawyer Wang suggested that the following cases can beconsidered to choose arbitration: first, between companies; Second, the subjectmatter of the larger transaction can be used; Third, some disputes that need tobe dealt with in a timely manner, such as some fresh melons and fruits; Fourth,international trade disputes; The outstanding characteristics of the abovedisputes are large amount, need to be handled in time, and high confidentialityrequirements.

仲裁作为一种解决纠纷的机制，有着与诉讼不一样的特点，也有其自身的优势，很多人要想利用仲裁的优势解决纠纷，就需要在合同中完善仲裁条款，同时仲裁条款也是仲裁机构受理的前提。对此，王律师在直播结尾时也为大家隆重分享了如何定制仲裁条款，如何利用合同约定更快、更方便的解决纠纷，如果你们还对仲裁不了解，那就关注陕西云德律师事务所公众号，或者聘请云德律所专业的律师为您处理仲裁案件吧。

As a dispute resolution mechanism, arbitration has different characteristics and litigation, but also has its own advantages, many people want to take advantage of the advantages of arbitration to resolve disputes, we need to improve the arbitration clause in the contract, while arbitration clause is also the premise of arbitration institutions to accept. In this regard, Wang lawyer at the end of the live broadcast also shared for you how to customize the arbitration terms, how to use the contract agreement faster and more convenient to resolve disputes, if you do not understand the arbitration, then pay attention to the Shaanxi Yunde Law Firm public number, or hire Yunde law firm professional lawyers for you to handle arbitration cases.