【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（二十一）|政府和法律在新冠肺炎疫情期间所发挥的作用

新冠肺炎疫情发生后，党中央国务院高度重视，习近平总书记和李克强总理多次做出重要指示，要求全力以赴做好疫情防控和患者救治工作。政府部门各司其职，在疫情防控中发挥了积极作用。疫情危害的是全社会，防控疫情也是全社会共同的责任。

After the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to it. General Secretary Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang issued important instructions on many occasions, demanding that all efforts be made to prevent and control the epidemic and treat patients. Government departments have performed their respective duties and played an active role in the prevention and control of the epidemic. The epidemic situation harms the whole society, and prevention and control of the epidemic situation is also the common responsibility of the whole society.

“瘟疫面前，人人平等”，没有任何一个人可以独善其身。在这个人与人之间紧密关联的社会，在对付传染病这样的难题时，也只有全社会共同参与和行动才能发挥作用。而进行全社会的系统动员，在现代国家，必须通过法律来完成——以法律的形式明确政府、有关机构和个人的权利、义务和责任，以国家强制力作为后盾来保障实施。而归根到底，法律是通过与人类自身的斗争，弥补人类的缺陷，克服人性的弱点，激发人的善意，从而成为“战疫”的有力武器的。

"Everyone is equal before the plague" and no one can be left alone. In this society where people are closely connected with each other, only the joint participation and actions of the whole society can play a role in dealing with such difficult problems as infectious diseases. In modern countries, the systematic mobilization of the whole society must be completed through laws-the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the government, relevant institutions and individuals must be clearly defined in the form of laws, and the implementation must be guaranteed with the backing of the state's coercive force. In the final analysis, the law makes up for the defects of human beings, overcomes the weaknesses of human nature and inspires the goodwill of human beings through the struggle with human beings themselves, thus becoming a powerful weapon of "war epidemic".

在广大人民群众齐心抗“疫”的同时，却出现极个别人抗拒检查、瞒报疫情、散布谣言等行为，造成了十分恶劣的社会影响。习近平总书记指出，疫情防控越是到最吃劲的时候，越要坚持依法防控，在法治轨道上统筹推进各项防控工作，保障疫情防控工作顺利开展。因此，我们应当充分用好法律武器，严惩违法犯罪行为，切实维护社会秩序，保障人民群众的生命健康安全。

While the broad masses of the people are working together to fight against the "epidemic", very few people have resisted inspection, concealed the epidemic situation, spread rumors and other acts, causing very bad social impacts. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the more vigorous the prevention and control of the epidemic is, the more we must adhere to the prevention and control according to law, promote all prevention and control work on the track of the rule of law, and ensure the smooth development of the prevention and control of the epidemic. Therefore, we should make full use of legal weapons, severely punish illegal and criminal acts, earnestly safeguard social order and ensure the life, health and safety of the people.

疫情防控中适用刑法的重要意义。疫情期间故意传播病毒、造谣传谣等行为性质极其恶劣，后果十分严重，破坏了社会秩序的稳定，仅靠民事、行政手段不足以有效惩治这些行为。此时，如果不充分发挥刑法的惩罚功能，对之及时予以制裁，可能会导致更多的犯罪行为发生，从而给防疫工作造成被动。刑罚是最严厉的制裁手段，除了惩罚功效外，还具有最高的道德否定性评价，能够对民众心理产生巨大威慑。一旦适用刑法定罪量刑，就会给社会大众传递出一种价值取向和是非评判标准，能够起到震慑与教育作用。因此，在疫情防控中适用刑法，能够为全力抗“疫”营造一个稳定有序的社会环境。

The significance of applying criminal law in epidemic prevention and control. During the epidemic period, intentional spreading of viruses, rumors and other acts are extremely bad in nature and have very serious consequences, undermining the stability of social order. Civil and administrative means alone are not enough to effectively punish these acts. At this time, if the punishment function of the criminal law is not fully brought into play and sanctions are imposed in a timely manner, more criminal acts may occur, thus causing passivity to epidemic prevention work. Penalty is the most severe sanction. Apart from the punishment effect, it also has the highest moral negative evaluation, which can have a great deterrent to people's psychology. Once the criminal law is applied to convict and sentence, it will convey a value orientation and right and wrong judgment standard to the public, which can play a deterrent and educational role. Therefore, the application of criminal law in the prevention and control of the epidemic can create a stable and orderly social environment for the full fight against the "epidemic".