【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百五十七）┃民法典之合同编修改的亮点有哪些（一）

我国现行的合同法自1999年实施以来，在保护当事人合法权益、促进商品和要素自由流动、实现公平交易和维护经济秩序方面发挥了重要作用。20多年来，社会经济关系愈发复杂，新业态、新技术、新场景不断出现，合同法律制度亟须与时俱进。

Since its implementation in 1999, China's current contract law has played an important role in protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, promoting the free flow of commodities and factors, realizing fair trading and maintaining economic order. Over the past 20 years and more, social and economic relations have become increasingly complex, new forms of business, new technologies and new scenarios have emerged, and it is urgent for the contract legal system to keep pace with The Times.

《民法典》合同编在吸收和借鉴合同法立法和司法实践经验的基础上，坚持维护契约、平等交换、公平竞争原则，促进了商品和要素的自由流动，完善了合同制度。2020年7月2日下午14:30，周丹律师将在云德律师事务所直播间与您共同探讨了民法典之合同编的部分修改亮点。

On the basis of absorbing and drawing on the legislation and judicial practice of contract law, the contract compilation of Civil Code adheres to the principles of maintaining contract, equal exchange and fair competition, promotes the free flow of commodities and elements, and improves the contract system. On July 2, 2020, at 14:30 PM, Lawyer Zhou Dan will discuss with you some highlights of the amendment of the contract of the Civil Code in the broadcast room of Yunde Law Firm.

PART1关于电子合同，主要完善了电子合同订立规则。

1.为了适应电子商务快速发展以及老百姓网购需求的增多，民法典规定，数据电文也具有法律效力，这意味着纸质合同将逐步退出互联网时代，电子合同开启无纸化时代！！

1. In order to adapt to the rapid development of e-commerce and the increasing demand for online shopping by ordinary people, the civil code stipulates that data messages also have legal effect, which means that paper contracts will gradually withdraw from the Internet era and electronic contracts will open the era of paperless!

2.此次《民法典》合同编中对电子合同的规范是十分必要的，而且具有鲜明的时代特色。尽管国家已经出台了电子商务法，但是它的调整范围比较有限，而电子合同适用范围远远超出了电子商务的范围。电子合同制度突破了电子商务法使用上的局限性，也为电子商务之外其他数字化交易提供了规范指引。

2. The standardization of electronic contracts in the contract compilation of the Civil Code is very necessary and has distinct characteristics of The Times. Although the country has introduced the electronic commerce law, but its adjustment scope is relatively limited, and the scope of application of electronic contract goes far beyond the scope of electronic commerce. The system of electronic contract breaks through the limitation of the use of electronic commerce law, and also provides the standard guidance for other digital transactions besides electronic commerce.

3、《民法典》第四百九十一条增加对互联网交易的规定，规定“电子合同的成立时间”。具条款如下：

当事人采用信件、数据电文等形式订立合同要求签订确认书的，签订确认书时合同成立。

当事人一方通过互联网等信息网络发布的商品或者服务信息符合   要约条件的，对方选择该商品或者服务并提交订单成功时合同成立，但是当事人另有约定的除外。

3. Article 491 of the Civil Code adds provisions on Internet transactions, stipulating "the establishment time of electronic contracts". The terms are as follows:

Where a contract is concluded by the parties in the form of letters, electronic messages, etc., and requires the signing of a letter of confirmation, the contract is formed when the letter of confirmation is signed.

Where the information about commodities or services published by a party through the Internet or other information networks meets the terms of the offer, the contract is formed when the other party chooses such commodities or services and submits the order successfully, except otherwise agreed by the parties.

4、《民法典》第五百一十二条增加电子合同标的交付时间规定，符合当前互联网经济时代人们的交易习惯。具条款如下：

通过互联网等信息网络订立的电子合同的标的为交付商品并采用快递物流方式交付的，收货人的签收时间为交付时间。电子合同的标的为提供服务的，生成的电子凭证或者实物凭证中载明的时间为提供服务时间；前述凭证没有载明时间或者载明时间与实际提供服务时间不一致的，以实际提供服务的时间为准。

电子合同的标的物为采用在线传输方式交付的，合同标的物进入对方当事人指定的特定系统且能够检索识别的时间为交付时间。

电子合同当事人对交付商品或者提供服务的方式、时间另有约定的，按照其约定。

4. Article 512 of the Civil Code increases the delivery time of electronic contract objects, which is in line with people's trading habits in the current Internet economy era. The terms are as follows:

Where the subject matter of an electronic contract concluded through the Internet or other information networks is the delivery of goods and the delivery is made by express delivery and logistics, the time of receipt signed by the consignee shall be the delivery time. If the subject matter of an electronic contract is the provision of services, the time specified in the generated electronic certificate or physical certificate shall be the time of provision of services; If there is no time specified in the aforementioned certificates or the time specified is inconsistent with the actual time of service provision, the actual time of service provision shall prevail.

If the subject matter of an electronic contract is delivered by means of online transmission, the delivery time shall be the time when the subject matter of the contract enters into a specific system designated by the other party and can be retrieved and identified.

Where the parties to an electronic contract have otherwise agreed on the mode and time of delivery of the commodities or services, such agreement shall prevail.

PART2关于预约合同，主要是增加了预约合同的具体规定。

《民法典》第四百九十五条之规定属于新增预约合同，基本能够满足对预约购房之类市场行为的法律规制。明确了预约合同对当事人双方的法律约束力，敦促合同的订立，但是违反预约合同应承担的违约责任赔偿范围法律并未明确，是否包括当事人为签订合同所做的准备、签订合同后的预期利益、承担的第三人损失等需进一步明确。具条款如下：

当事人约定在将来一定期限内订立合同的认购书、订购书、预订书、意向书等，构成预约合同。当事人一方不履行预约合同约定的订立合同义务的，对方以请求其承担预约合同的违约责任。

The provisions of Article 495 of the Civil Code are new appointment contracts, which can basically meet the legal regulations on such market behaviors as booking purchase. It clarifies the legal binding force of an appointment contract on both parties and urges the conclusion of the contract. However, the legal scope of compensation for breach of the appointment contract is not clear, and it needs to be further clarified whether it includes the preparation made by the parties for signing the contract, the expected benefits after signing the contract, and the losses borne by the third party. The terms are as follows:

A subscription, order, reservation, letter of intent, etc. that the parties agree to conclude a contract within a certain time limit in the future shall constitute an appointment contract. If one party fails to perform its contractual obligations as agreed in the reservation contract, the other party shall request it to bear the liability for breach of contract.