【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百四十三）┃《民法典》违约责任的变化

我国《合同法》（1999）颁布于市场经济蓬勃发展之际，其中违约责任部分的规定，多借鉴于CISG、PICC等国际条约，以不履行合同义务或履行合同义务不符合约定构建违约责任，规定了继续履行、采取补救措施、赔偿损失、支付违约金等责任承担方式，具备一定的国际性。新颁布的《民法典》在违约责任章节贯彻“尽可能保留原有规定”的思路，虽未作大刀阔斧式修改，但仍有许多重要的变化。

Our country "contract law" (1999) promulgated in the vigorous development of market economy, the liability for breach of the provisions of part, learn from international treaties, such as the PICC in CISG, more will not perform its obligations under a contract or perform its obligations under a contract, is not in conformity with the agreed construction of liability for breach of contract provides for continue to perform, to take remedial measures and compensate for the losses and pay penalty due to breach of contract responsibility, have a certain international. In the chapter of liability for breach of contract, the newly promulgated Civil Code carries out the idea of "keeping the original provisions as far as possible". Although it has not made drastic changes, there are still many important changes.

总体而言，违约责任章节的实质性修订包括：

第一，新增非金钱债务履行不能时的司法终止；

第二，将质量瑕疵救济统合于违约救济；

第三，新增违约方对第三人替代履行费用的负担；

第四，明确可预见规则适用于实际损失与可得利益；

第五，将《买卖合同解释》规定的与有过失规则提升为违约责任一般规则；

第六，融合《担保法》《担保法解释》关于定金的规定；

第七，新增债权人受领迟延的规定。

In general, the substantive amendments to the chapter on Liability for Breach of contract include:

1. the new non-monetary debt cannot be discharged when the judicial termination;

2. the quality defect relief is integrated into the default relief.

3. the new breaching party's burden on the third party to substitute performance expenses;

4. make clear that foreseeable rules apply to actual losses and available benefits;

5. the rules of negligence stipulated in the Sales Contract Interpretation are upgraded to the general rules of liability for breach of contract.

6. the fusion of "security law" "security law interpretation" on the provisions of the deposit;

7. the provisions on delay in the receipt of new creditors.