【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百三十四）┃新颁布民法典之婚姻篇

《中华人民共和国民法典》经十三届全国人大三次会议顺利表决通过，自2021年1月1日起实施。届时，现行民法总则、民法通则、婚姻法、继承法、物权法、合同法、担保法、侵权责任法将同时废除。孟德斯鸠曾经说过，“在民法慈母的眼中，每个人就是整个世界。”那么这部被称为“社会生活的百科全书”颁布之后对婚姻家事方面带来什么样变化和影响，就针对几个亮点小编给大家简单做个分享：

The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, adopted by the third Session of the 13th National People's Congress, will take effect on January 1, 2021. By then, the existing general provisions of the Civil Law, the General Provisions of the Civil Law, the Marriage Law, the law of inheritance, the property law, the contract law, the security law and the tort liability law will be repealed at the same time. Montesquieu once said, "In the eyes of the mother of civil law, every man is the whole world." What are the changes and impacts of the so-called "Encyclopedia of Social Life" on marriage and family affairs?

01新设离婚冷静期，降低冲动离婚率，增加婚姻的稳定性。

自婚姻登记机关收到离婚登记申请之日起三十日内，任何一方不愿意离婚的，可以向婚姻登记机关撤回离婚登记申请。前述三十日届满后三十日内，双方应当亲自去婚姻登记机关申请发给离婚证，未申请的，视为撤回离婚登记申请。由此看出想离婚先登记，登记完了回去冷静一个月，一个月内任何一方都可主动撤销这份离婚申请，也就是反悔了不想离了，同时三十日届满了，双方都没去民政局领离婚证，视为双方撤销了这份离婚申请。

If either party is unwilling to divorce within 30 days from the date of receipt of the application for divorce registration by the marriage registration authorities, it may withdraw the application for divorce registration from the marriage registration authorities. Within 30 days after the expiration of the aforementioned 30 days, both parties shall apply in person to the marriage registration office for the issue of a divorce certificate. If no application is made, the application for divorce registration shall be deemed to be withdrawn. It can be seen that if you want to register for divorce first, you can calm down for a month after the registration. Within a month, either party can revoke this divorce application on its own initiative, that is to say, if you go back on your word and don't want to leave. At the same time, if neither party goes to the Civil Affairs Bureau for divorce certificate upon the expiration of 30 days, it is deemed that both parties have cancelled this divorce application.

02以前有法律禁止的疾病的婚姻直接归于无效，现在如果有未如实告知的情形的，婚姻可撤销。

民法典颁布之前，对于有法律禁止的疾病的婚姻直接是归于无效，颁布之后如果有未如实告知的情形的，婚姻可撤销。本条规定给了患重大疾病的人一个结婚的机会，如果对方被告知，并对方同意的可以结婚。如果一方是有重大疾病情形未告知的，对方可以申请撤销，选择权更多一些，而不是一味的全部认为有重大疾病结婚的认定为无效婚姻，对当事人的人权和隐私是一种很好的保护和尊重。

Before the promulgation of the civil Code, marriages with legally prohibited diseases will be invalid directly, and marriages can be annulled if they are not faithfully informed after the promulgation. This provision gives a person suffering from a serious illness an opportunity to marry if informed and consented. If one party fails to inform the other party of the serious illness, the other party can apply for cancellation with more options, instead of blindly believing that the marriage with serious illness is invalid, which is a good protection and respect for the human rights and privacy of the parties.

03增加了婚姻无效或者撤销的无过错方赔偿请求权

这是民法典颁布之后新增的一款内容，即婚姻无效或者被撤销的，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿。为了保护无过错方的权益，《民法典（草案）》除了保留同居财产分割中照顾无过错方的原则之外，还赋予了无过错方损害赔偿请求权。这意味着，无过错方可以就受损害情况提出赔偿请求，人民法院可以根据当事人的诉求作出裁判。结合前述婚姻效力的规定，《民法典（草案）》不仅从法律效力上否定了无效婚姻及被撤销婚姻，更通过了法律责任的形式对过错方实施经济制裁。

This is a new clause in the civil Code that states that if a marriage is annulled or annulled, the no-fault party has the right to claim damages. In order to protect the rights and interests of the no-fault party, the Civil Code (draft) not only retains the principle of caring for the no-fault party in the division of cohabitation property, but also gives the no-fault party the right to claim damages. This means that a no-fault party can make a claim for damages and the people's court can make a judgment based on the claims of the parties. Combined with the aforementioned provisions on the validity of marriage, the Civil Code (draft) not only negates invalid marriage and annulled marriage from the legal effect, but also imposes economic sanctions on the wronged party in the form of legal liability.