【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百三十二）┃《民法典》之侵权责任编

2021年1月1日即将施行的《中华人民共和国民法典》对于我国社会主义法治建设具有重大意义。民法典系统整合了新中国70多年来长期实践形成的民事法律规范，汲取了中华民族5000多年优秀法律文化，借鉴了人类法治文明建设有益成果，是一部体现我国社会主义性质、符合人民利益和愿望、顺应时代发展要求的民法典，是一部体现对生命健康、财产安全、交易便利、生活幸福、人格尊严等各方面权利平等保护的民法典，是一部具有鲜明中国特色、实践特色、时代特色的民法典。2020年6月17日下午周丹律师在云德律师事务所直播间与您共同探讨民法典之侵权责任编有哪些亮点。

The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, to be implemented on January 1, 2021, is of great significance to China's socialist rule of law construction. System integrates the new China for more than 70 years of the civil code of civil law, formed in the long time of practice drew more than 5000 years of the Chinese nation outstanding legal culture, draw lessons from the beneficial achievements of human civilization construction of rule of law, is an embodiment of our country socialist nature, conform to the requirements of the people's interests and desires and keep up with the development of The Times of the civil code, it is the embodiment of a convenience of life health, property, security, transactions, the happiness of life, dignity and so on various aspects right to equal protection of the civil code, with Chinese characteristics, the practice is a distinct characteristics, time characteristics of the civil code. On the afternoon of June 17, lawyer Zhou Dan discussed with you the highlights of tort liability in the studio of Yunde Law Firm.

侵权责任编在《民法典》第七编，共10章、95条。

1、本编第一章规定了侵权责任的归责原则、多数人侵权的责任承担、侵权责任的减轻或者免除等一般规则。并在现行侵权责任法的基础上作了进一步的完善:一是确立“自甘风险”规则,规定自愿参加具有一定风险的文体活动,因其他参加者的行为受到损害的,受害人不得请求没有故意或者重大过失的其他参加者承担侵权责任。二是规定“自助行为”制度,明确合法权益受到侵害,情况紧迫且不能及时获得国家机关保护,不立即采取措施将使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的,受害人可以在保护自己合法权益的必要范围内采取扣留侵权人的财物等合理措施,但是应当立即请求有关国家机关处理。受害人采取的措施不当造成他人损害的,应当承担侵权责任。

1. Chapter I of this part sets forth the principle of attribution of tort liability, the liability of the majority for tort, and the general rules of mitigation or exemption of tort liability. And on the basis of the current tort liability law to make further improvement: first, the establishment of the "self-risk" rule, the provision of voluntary participation in a certain risk of cultural and sports activities, because the behavior of other participants suffered damage, the victim shall not request no intentional or gross negligence of other participants to bear tort liability. Second, regulation "self-help behavior system, clear legal rights and interests are violated, is urgent and can not timely access to the state organs to protect, not immediately take measures to make its legitimate rights and interests is irreparable damage, the victim can be within the scope necessary to protect their legitimate rights and interests of reasonable measures, such as to retain the property of the person who but shall immediately request the relevant state organs for handling. Where the measures taken by the aggrieved person are improper and cause damage to others, the aggrieved person shall be liable for tort.

2、第二章规定了侵害人身权益和财产权益的赔偿规则、精神损害赔偿规则等。同时,在现行侵权责任法的基础上,对有关规定作了进一步完善:一是完善精神损害赔偿制度,规定因故意或者重大过失侵害自然人具有人身意义的特定物造成严重精神损害的,被侵权人有权请求精神损害赔偿。二是为加强对知识产权的保护,提高侵权违法成本,增加规定,故意侵害他人知识产权,情节严重的,被侵权人有权请求相应的惩罚性赔偿。

2. Chapter II sets forth the rules for compensation for infringement of personal and property rights and the rules for compensation for mental damage. At the same time, on the basis of the current tort liability law, further improve the relevant provisions: first, improve the compensation system for mental damage, stipulating that the infringed has the right to claim for mental damage compensation if serious mental damage is caused by the intentional or gross negligence of the person who infringes on the specific objects with personal significance. Second, in order to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, increase the cost of infringement and violation of law, and increase regulations, if the intellectual property rights of others are intentionally infringed, if the circumstances are serious, the infringed party shall have the right to claim corresponding punitive damages.

3、第三章规定了无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人及其监护人的侵权责任,用人单位的侵权责任,网络侵权责任,以及公共场所的安全保障义务等。同时,本编在现行侵权责任法的基础上作了进一步完善:一是增加规定委托监护的侵权责任。二是完善网络侵权责任制度。为了更好地保护权利人的利益,平衡好网络用户和网络服务提供者之间的利益,本编细化了网络侵权责任的具体规定,完善了权利人通知规则和网络服务提供者的转通知规则。

3. Chapter III stipulates the tort liability of persons without or with limited civil capacity and their guardians, the tort liability of employing units, network tort liability, and the security obligation of public places, etc. At the same time, this part makes a further improvement on the basis of the current tort liability law. Second, we will improve the network tort liability system. In order to better protect the interests of right holders and balance the interests between network users and NETWORK service providers, this part refines the specific provisions of network tort liability and improves the notification rules of right holders and the forwarding notification rules of NETWORK service providers.

4、本编其他各章分别对产品生产销售、机动车交通事故、医疗、环境污染和生态破坏、高度危险、饲养动物、建筑物和物件等领域的侵权责任规则作出了具体规定。

4. Other chapters of this part make specific provisions on the tort liability rules in the fields of product production and sales, motor vehicle traffic accidents, medical treatment, environmental pollution and ecological damage, high risk, raising animals, buildings and articles, etc.