【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百三十）┃民法典侵权责任编主要内容浅析

《侵权责任法》于2009年颁布，将介于2021年1月1日《中华人民共和国民法典》的生效，永远退出历史舞台。本次《民法典》侵权责任编是以《侵权责任法》为基础编篆的，总体上来说是较为成熟的。其中对于自甘风险、自助行为、精神损害赔偿及惩罚性赔偿、个人提供劳务中的损害赔偿、网络侵权责任、医疗侵权、高空抛物等重大制度调整都进行了修改，需要特别关注。

The "Law on Tort Liability" was promulgated in 2009 and will take effect from January 1, 2021, the "Civil Code of the People's Republic of China", withdrawing from the stage of history forever. This edition of the Tort Liability of the Civil Code is based on the Tort Liability Act, and is generally more mature. Among them, major system adjustments such as self-reliance risks, self-help behaviors, mental damage compensation and punitive damages, damage compensation in the provision of labor services by individuals, online tort liability, medical torts, and high-altitude parabolic changes have all been revised and require special attention.

以下陈律师对几点重要修改的条款进行解析：

6月16日，贵阳10岁男孩7楼抛灭火器砸死邻居一案已进行一审宣判，判决其监护人父母赔偿78万，物业承担补充赔偿责任。此次新颁布的《民法典》明确规定了，高空抛物物业的侵权责任。从建筑物中抛掷物品或者从建筑物上坠落的物品造成他人损害的，由侵权人依法承担侵权责任外。物业服务企业等建筑物管理人应当采取必要的安全保障措施防止前款规定情形的发生；未采取必要的安全保障措施的，应当依法承担未履行安全保障义务的侵权责任。因此可以看出，对于高空抛物，物业再也不是“高高挂起、事不关己”了。

还要特别提出的一条是原《侵权责任法》中关于个人之间提供劳务关系，提供劳务一方因劳务造成他人损害的，由接受劳务一方承担侵权责任的规定。在新的《民法典》侵权责任编中该条第一款增加了接受劳务一方承担责任后向由故意或重大过失的提供劳务一方追偿的权利。除此之外，该条第二款还规定了第三人造成提供劳务一方损害的，第三人与接受劳务一方应承担不真正连带责任。而接受劳务一方承担责任后也享有向第三人追偿的权利。所以该条就原法条改动还是比较大的。

The following attorney Chen analyzes several important amendments:

On June 16, the case of a 10-year-old boy in Guiyang who threw a fire extinguisher and killed his neighbor on the 7th floor was sentenced to first instance. The guardian’s parents were compensated 780,000, and the property was liable for supplementary compensation. The newly promulgated "Civil Code" clearly stipulates the tort liability of parabolic properties at high altitude. If an item thrown from a building or an item dropped from a building causes damage to others, the tortfeasor shall bear the tort liability according to law. Property management companies and other building managers shall take the necessary safety protection measures to prevent the situation specified in the preceding paragraph; if the necessary safety protection measures are not taken, they shall bear tort liability for failure to perform their safety protection obligations according to law. Therefore, it can be seen that for parabolic high-altitude, the property is no longer "hanging high, it's nothing to do with itself".

One more item to be specifically mentioned is the provision in the original Tort Liability Law concerning the provision of labor services between individuals, and if the party providing the labor services causes damage to others due to the labor services, the party receiving the labor services shall bear the tort liability. The first paragraph of this article in the new "Civil Code" infringement liability section adds the right to recover from the intentionally or grossly negligent party providing labor after the party accepting the labor assumes responsibility. In addition, the second paragraph of the article also stipulates that if a third party causes damage to the party providing the labor service, the third party and the party receiving the service shall bear no real joint liability. The party accepting the labor service also has the right to recover from the third party after assuming responsibility. Therefore, this article is still a big change from the original law.