【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百一十六）┃建设工程招投标的法律问题

建设工程招标投标，是建设单位对拟定修建的建设工程项目，通过法定的程序和方法吸引建设工程承包单位进行公平竞争，建设单位并从参加招标的承包单位中选择条件优越者来完成建设工程任务的行为。

建设工程招标是建设工程的建设单位（发包人），依据法律、法规的规定，向社会公开提出工程建设的条件和要求，吸引有建设该工程意愿的承包人对该建设项目依据法律、法规的规定进行公平竞争，从而选择最适合承包该建设项目的承包人。

Construction project bidding means that the construction unit attracts the construction project contracting unit to conduct fair competition through the statutory procedures and methods for the construction project to be built. The construction unit selects the superior one from the contracting units participating in the bidding to complete the construction project task the behavior of.

Construction project bidding is the construction unit (contractor) of the construction project. According to the provisions of laws and regulations, it publicly proposes the conditions and requirements of the project construction to the public, attracting contractors who are willing to build the project according to the laws and regulations. Provide for fair competition and choose the contractor most suitable for the construction project.

哪些建设工程项目需要进行招投标

根据《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》，发包人和承包人之间签订的建设工程施工合同，按照法律规定必须进行招投标而未进行招投标的，因违反法律行政法规的强制性规定而无效。所以建设工程是否进行招投标，直接关乎着建设工程施工合同是否有效的问题。

（一）哪些建设工程项目需要招投标呢：

根据《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的规定，大型基础设施、公用事业等关系社会公共利益、公共安全的项目；全部或者部分使用国有资金投资或者国家融资的项目；使用国际组织或者外国政府的贷款、援助资金的项目。包括项目的勘察、设计、施工、监理以及与工程建设有关的重要设备材料等的采购，必须进行招标。

（二）可以不进行招投标的情形

涉及国家安全、国家秘密、抢险救灾或者属于利用扶贫资金实行以工代赈、需要使用农民工等特殊情形；需要采用不可替代的专利或者专有技术；采购人依法能够自行建设、生产或者提供；已通过招标方式选定的特许经营项目投资人依法能够自行建设、生产或者提供；需要向原中标人采购工程、货物或者服务，否则影响施工或者功能配套的。

（三）必须进行招标而未进行招标的后果

违反《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的规定，必须进行招标的项目而不招标的，将必须进行招标的项目化整为零或者以其他任何方式规避招标的，责令限期改正，可以处项目合同金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款；对全部或者部分使用国有资金的项目，可以暂停项目执行或者暂停资金拨付；对单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。

再就是会导致建设工程施工合同的无效。

Which construction projects need to be tendered

According to the "Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Disputes in Construction Contracts", the construction contract signed between the issuer and the contractor must be tendered in accordance with the law but not tendered. Violation of the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations is invalid. Therefore, whether the construction project carries out bidding or tendering is directly related to the question of whether the construction project construction contract is valid.

(1) Which construction projects need bidding:

According to the "Tendering and Bidding Law of the People's Republic of China", large-scale infrastructure, public utilities and other projects related to public interest and public safety; all or part of projects that use state-owned funds for investment or state financing; use loans from international organizations or foreign governments 3. Aid funded projects. Including the investigation, design, construction, supervision of the project and the procurement of important equipment and materials related to the project construction, tendering must be conducted.

(2) Circumstances where bidding is not required

Special circumstances involving national security, national secrets, emergency rescue, or relief from poverty alleviation funds, the need to use migrant workers, and the need to use irreplaceable patents or proprietary technologies; the purchaser can build, produce, or provide according to law; Investors of franchise projects that have been selected through bidding can legally construct, produce or provide; they need to purchase engineering, goods or services from the original bidder, otherwise they will affect construction or functional support.

(3) Consequences of bidding must be carried out without bidding

In violation of the provisions of the "Tendering and Bidding Law of the People's Republic of China", if a project that must be tendered without being tendered, the project that must be tendered will be reduced to zero or the bidding will be avoided in any other way. A fine of more than five thousandths or less than ten thousandths; for projects that use all or part of the state-owned funds, the execution of the project or the disbursement of funds may be suspended; the person in charge directly responsible for the unit and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished according to law.

Then it will lead to the invalidation of the construction contract.

建设工程招投标的程序

一般来说，招标投标需经过招标、投标、开标、评标与定标等程序。

（一）招标

公开招标应当发布招标公告。招标公告应当通过报刊或者其他媒介发布。招标公告应当载明下列事项：⑴招标人的名称和地址；⑵招标项目的性质、数量；⑶招标项目的地点和时间要求；⑷获取招标文件的办法、地点和时间；⑸对招标文件收取的费用；⑹需要公告的其他事项。招标公告发布或投标邀请书发出之日到提交投标文件截止之日，一般不得少于30天。

（二）投标

投标人应当按照招标文件的规定编制投标文件。投标文件应当载明下列事项：⑴投标函；⑵投标人资格、资信证明文件；⑶投标项目方案及说明；⑷投标价格；⑸投标保证金或者其他形式的担保；⑹招标文件要求具备的其他内容。

（三）评定标

评标应当按照招标文件的规定进行。招标人或者招标投标中介机构负责组建评标委员会。评标委员会由招标人的代表及其聘请的技术、经济、法律等方面的专家组成，总人数一般为5人以上单数，其中受聘的专家不得少于三分之二。与投标人有利害关系的人员不得进入评标委员会。评标委员会负责评标。评标委员会对所有投标文件进行审查，对与招标文件规定有实质性不符的投标文件，应当决定其无效。

招标人或者招标投标中介机构应当将中标结果书面通知所有投标人。招标人与中标人应当按照招标文件的规定和中标结果签订书面合同。

（四）开标

开标应当按照招标文件规定的时间、地点和程序以公开方式进行。开标由招标人或者招标投标中介机构主持，邀请评标委员会成员、投标人代表和有关单位代表参加。

投标完成后双方的权利与义务

（一）招投标结束后，招标人和中标人双方都要及时履行义务，否则要承担民事责任并接受处罚。

中标人不能将中标项目转让给他人，或将中标项目肢解后分别转让给他人。招投标双方必须订立合同。招标人与中标人要按照招标文件和中标人的投标文件订立合同。招标人与中标人不按照招标文件和中标人的投标文件订立合同的，或者招标人、中标人订立背离合同实质性内容的协议的，责令改正；可以处中标项目金额千分之五以上千分之十以下的罚款。

中标人不履行与招标人订立的合同的，履约保证金不予退还，给招标人造成的损失超过履约保证金数额的，还应当对超过部分予以赔偿；没有提交履约保证金的，应当对招标人的损失承担赔偿责任。

中标人不按照与招标人订立的合同履行义务，情节严重的，取消其二年至五年内参加依法必须进行招标的项目的投标资格并予以公告，直至由工商行政管理机关吊销营业执照。

Construction project bidding procedures

Generally speaking, bidding and bidding need to go through the procedures of bidding, bidding, bid opening, bid evaluation and bidding.

(1) Bidding

Public bidding shall issue a bidding announcement. Tender announcements should be issued through newspapers or other media. The bid invitation announcement shall contain the following items: (1) the name and address of the bidder; (2) the nature and quantity of the bidding project; (3) the location and time requirements of the bidding project; (2) the method, location and time for obtaining the bidding documents; (5) the fees charged for the bidding documents Fees; ⑹ Other matters that need to be announced. From the day when the tender announcement is issued or the bid invitation is issued to the deadline for submitting the bid documents, it shall generally be no less than 30 days.

(2) Bidding

The bidder shall prepare the bidding documents in accordance with the provisions of the bidding documents. The bidding documents shall contain the following items: (1) bidding letter; (2) bidder qualification and credit certification documents; (3) bidding project plan and description; (4) bidding price; (5) bidding deposit or other forms of guarantee; (6) other contents required in the bidding document.

(3) Evaluation criteria

The bid evaluation shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the bidding documents. The bid inviting party or bid invitation and bidding agency is responsible for forming the bid evaluation committee. The bid evaluation committee is composed of the representatives of the bid inviting party and the technical, economic, legal and other experts hired by them. The total number is generally more than 5 singles, of which the experts hired shall not be less than two-thirds. Persons who have an interest in the bidder shall not enter the bid evaluation committee. The bid evaluation committee is responsible for bid evaluation. The bid evaluation committee shall review all bidding documents and shall decide that the bidding documents that are substantially inconsistent with the provisions of the bidding documents shall be invalid.

The bid inviting party or bid invitation intermediary agency shall notify all bidders of the result of the winning bid in writing. The bid inviting party and the winning bidder shall sign a written contract in accordance with the provisions of the bidding documents and the result of winning the bid.

(4) Bid opening

The bid opening shall be conducted in an open manner in accordance with the time, place and procedures specified in the bidding documents. The bid opening shall be presided over by the bid inviting party or bid invitation agency, and invite members of the bid evaluation committee, bidder representatives and representatives of relevant units to participate.

The rights and obligations of both parties after the bid is completed

(1) After the bidding is over, both the bid inviting party and the winning bidder shall perform their obligations in time, otherwise they shall bear civil liability and accept penalties.

The winning bidder cannot transfer the winning project to others, or transfer the winning project to others after dismemberment. Both parties must conclude a contract. The bid inviting party and the winning bidder shall conclude a contract in accordance with the bid invitation documents and the winning bidder’s bidding documents. If the bid inviting party and the winning bidder do not conclude a contract in accordance with the bidding documents and the bidding documents of the winning bidder, or if the bid inviting party and the winning bidder enter into an agreement deviating from the substantive content of the contract, they shall be ordered to make corrections; Fines under tenth.

If the successful bidder fails to perform the contract with the tenderer, the performance bond will not be refunded, and if the loss caused to the tenderer exceeds the performance bond amount, the excess shall be compensated; if the performance bond is not submitted, the tenderer shall be liable for the loss Liability.

If the winning bidder fails to perform its obligations in accordance with the contract concluded with the bid inviting party and the circumstances are serious, it shall cancel its bidding qualification for the project that must be tendered within two to five years and announce it until the business license is revoked by the industrial and commercial administration.