【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（五十一）|电梯设备合同纠纷中疑难问题解析

随着我国电梯市场的快速发展，电梯设备合同纠纷也在逐年呈上升趋势，由于电梯产品涉及生产、安装、后期维保等多项环节，并且电梯产品的生命周期也较长，在电梯产品的生命周期中电梯的生产单位、安装单位、售后服务单位、使用单位之间会产生各种各样的业务往来及纠纷。周丹律师针对电梯设备合同纠纷中存在的疑难问题在YY、微博、抖音、快手、虎牙、今日头条等各大直播平台专门进行了深刻剖析解答。

With the rapid development of China's elevator market, elevator equipment contract dispute are also on the rise year by year, because the elevator products involved in the late production, installation, maintenance and so on many links, and the elevator product life cycle is long, the production of elevator in the elevator product life cycle unit, unit installation, after-sales service, the use of units and can produce all kinds of business between the dispute. Lawyer zhou Dan made a deep analysis and solution on the broadcast platforms for the difficult problems existing in the elevator equipment contract dispute.

PART1:电梯设备买卖合同经办人代表电梯公司向买方收取货款的行为对电梯公司能否构成表见代理？

对于这个问题，司法实践中有两种截然不同的裁判结果，有裁判认为构成表见代理，也有认为不构成表见代理。

As for this problem, there are two kinds of distinct adjudication results in judicial practice, some judges think that it constitutes apparent agency, while others think that it does not constitute apparent agency.

鉴于以上情况，周律师建议各电梯企业除了应当加强对电梯设备合同的审核管理之外还应当加强对公司销售人员的管理。

In view of the above, lawyer zhou suggested that the elevator enterprises should not only strengthen the management of the elevator equipment contract audit should also strengthen the management of the company's sales staff.

从电梯设备合同管理的角度，在电梯公司与买方签订设备合同时要在买卖合同与安装合同条款中均应约定电梯公司的收款账户并列明开户银行和银行帐号，同时要求买方所付款项均应汇入该账户，买方向其他任何账户支付的款项均视为电梯公司未收到款项。若确实需要更换收款账户的买卖双方应当签订补充协议重新书面约定收款账户。

From the perspective of elevator equipment contract management, in the elevator company and sign a contract to the buyer in the sales contract and installation in terms of the contract shall be agreed upon in the elevator company payment account please state bank and bank account, at the same time request payment by the buyer shall be remitted to the account, any other account to pay the money to buy direction are considered to be the elevator companies are not yet received payment. If it is necessary to replace the receiving account, both the buyer and the seller shall sign a supplementary agreement and agree in writing on the receiving account again.

从对电梯公司销售人员的管理角度，一方面电梯公司在与合同经办人建立劳动关系是就应当加强对其管理，比如在劳动合同中约定绩效奖金，在公司对销售人员绩效考核制度中详细约定绩效奖金分配并严格执行。另一方面明确销售人员的权限比如授权委托书仅约定该销售人员仅有参与投标并取得中标通知书的权限而无签订电扶梯合同的权限或者仅约定有签订合同的权限而无收取货款的权限等等。在收取货款时也可以另外安排公司的其他人员催要货款比如项目经理等人员。

From the perspective of the management of the sales personnel of elevator companies, on the one hand, the elevator companies should strengthen the management of the sales personnel when establishing the labor relationship with them. For example, the performance bonus should be stipulated in the labor contract, and the performance bonus distribution should be specified and strictly implemented in the company's performance appraisal system for sales personnel. On the other hand, the authority of sales personnel is clearly defined. For example, the power of attorney only stipulates that the sales personnel only participate in the bidding and obtain the right to win the bid, but not to sign the escalator contract or to sign the contract but not to collect the payment, etc. When collecting the payment, we can also arrange other personnel of the company to demand payment, such as the project manager, etc.

PART2:电梯公司能否主张民法总则新实施的三年诉讼时效制度？

我国《民法总则》在2017年10月1日施行，在此之日，诉讼时效期间尚未满民法通则规定的二年或者一年的，适用三年诉讼时效。

The general provisions of the civil law of China came into force onOctober 1, 2017. If the limitation period of action has not yet reached two orone year as stipulated in the general provisions of the civil law, thelimitation period of action shall be three years.

由于电梯公司合同履行期及应收账款账期均较长，那么在这个过程中如何有效延长诉讼时效，各电梯企业可通过电子邮件、EMS、顺丰快递等发送催款函的形式，但无论何种催款方式均应当以送达为要件。但在发送催款函等正式文件时要注意使用EMS邮寄，并保留快递单据、截取网上物流送达信息，保存好催款函邮寄资料。若发送电子邮件的，一定要发送至对方认可的并且能够收到的邮箱，否则一旦发生纠纷，对方也会以未收到为由予以抗辩。

Due to the elevator company contract performance period and accountsreceivable payment days are long, then how to effectively extend the limitationof action in this process, each elevator enterprise can send a reminder letterby E-mail, EMS, sf express, etc., but no matter what kind of reminder should beserved as an important document. However, when sending reminders and otherofficial documents, we should pay attention to use EMS to mail, and keep theCourier documents, intercept the online logistics delivery information, keepthe reminder mail materials. If you send E-mail, you must send it to themailbox recognized by the other party and able to receive it. Otherwise, oncethere is a dispute, the other party will defend it for not receiving it.

PART3:买受人能否以电梯公司未按期交付履约保函为由拒绝付款？

履约保函一经开具即令其担保功能得到实现，视为付款条件已经成就，对于电梯公司迟延交付履约保函，买受人未提出异议的，视为其已接受该保函，因此买受人不能以此为由拒绝付款。

Once the performance guarantee is issued, the guarantee function isrealized, and the payment terms are deemed to have been fulfilled. If the buyerdoes not raise any objection to the delay in delivery of the performanceguarantee by the elevator company, the buyer shall be deemed to have acceptedthe guarantee. Therefore, the buyer cannot refuse to pay on this basis.

周律师在此提醒广大电梯企业应当严格按照合同约定履行其合同义务包括按期交货，按期安装电梯，若工期需顺延一定要书面征得买受人同意并保留好工作联系单等证据，同时也应及时履行合同约定的附随义务比如及时开具合同约定的履约保函、质量保函等，及时向买方交付电梯合格证、型式试验报告、验收报告、三角钥匙等电梯资料。若未按合同约定履行上述义务一旦发生纠纷，电梯企业将要承担相应的违约责任。

Weeks lawyer reminded the elevator enterprise shall, in strictaccordance with the contract to perform its obligations under a contract,including the timely delivery of the installation schedule of the elevator, ifthe time limit for a project need to postpone must be written consent of thebuyer and keep good work contact single evidence, at the same time should alsobe timely fulfill their contractual collateral obligation such as timely issuedthe contract performance guarantee, quality guarantee, etc., and timelydelivery to the buyer the elevator certification, type test report andinspection report, triangle key information waiting for the elevator. In caseof any dispute, the elevator company shall be liable for breach of contract.