【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（三十五）|信息网络传播权的侵权认定

互联网是二十世纪人类最伟大的科技发明之一，互联网技术导致的信息网络化，对人类社会产生了深远的影响，互联网对我们工作和生活带来便利的同时，也对传统观念和法律制度带来了冲击和挑战。为应对网络环境下的新问题， 我国在2001年对《著作权法》进行修订时，增加了“信息网络传播权”的规定。下面的案例是法院对一起侵权案件的认定：

The Internet is one of the greatest scientific and technological inventions of the20th century. The information network brought by the Internet technology hashad a profound impact on human society. While the Internet brings convenienceto our work and life, it also brings an impact and challenge to traditionalconcepts and legal systems. In order to cope with the new problems in thenetwork environment, in 2001, when China revised the copyright law, theprovision of "Right of information network dissemination" was added.The following case is the court's determination of an infringement case:

原告经某电视台授权，对该电视台拍摄、制作或者广播的享有著作权或与著作权有关的权利，或者获得相关授权的，某电视台所有电视频道及其所含之全部电视节目，通过信息网络向公众传播、广播（包括但不限于实时转播或延时转播）、提供之权利的独占许可。同时，原告可以自己名义对外主张、行使上述权利，并以自己名义提起各项维权程序。为此，原告开发了一款视频播放软件A,用于在移动端播放上述节目直播和回放。原告认为被告通过其运营的播放软件B和平台播放了上述节目，侵害原告的广播权、信息网络传播权及依据著作权法享有的其他权利。法院经过审理，判决被告并未侵犯原告的广播权和信息网络传播权，而是侵犯了原告依据著作权法享有的其他权利。其判决理由是：

The plaintiff is made by authorization of the television, the television filming, production andbroadcast of copyright or copyright-related rights, or get the authorized,television all TV channels and contain all TV programs, spread to the publicthrough information network, broadcasting (including but not limited tobroadcast live broadcast) or delay, the right to provide an exclusive license.At the same time, the plaintiff may claim and exercise the above-mentionedrights in his own name, and initiate various procedures for safeguarding hisrights in his own name. To this end, the plaintiff developed A video playbacksoftware A, which is used to broadcast the program live and playback on themobile terminal. The plaintiff contends that the defendant broadcast the aboveprogram through the broadcasting software B and platform operated by thedefendant, thereby infringing upon the plaintiff's broadcasting right,information network dissemination right and other rights enjoyed under thecopyright law. After the trial, the court decided that the defendant had notviolated the plaintiff's right to broadcast and the right to disseminateinformation on the Internet, but had violated the plaintiff's other rightsunder the copyright law. The reasons for its judgment:

①著作权法第十条第一款第十一项的规定的广播权直接来源于《伯尔尼公约》，包含三层含义：以无线方式公开广播或传播作品；通过有线方式传播或转播通过无线方式广播的作品；通过扩音器等工具传播广播的作品。被诉侵权平台转播软件A播放的涉案节目，不属于广播权规制初始来源为无线广播的转播行为这一内容，因此被诉侵权平台转播软件A广播的节目没有侵害涉案节目的广播权。

(1) The right of broadcasting stipulated in article 10, paragraph 1, paragraph 11 of thecopyright law is directly derived from the Berne convention, which containsthree meanings: the public broadcasting or dissemination of works by wirelessmeans; Works broadcast by wire or rebroadcast by wireless means; Broadcastworks by means of a loudspeaker. The involved programs broadcast by rebroadcastsoftware A of the accused infringing platform do not belong to the content ofrebroadcast behavior of radio broadcasting, the original source of which is theregulation of broadcasting rights. Therefore, the programs broadcast byrebroadcast software A of the accused infringing platform do not infringe thebroadcasting rights of the involved programs.

②著作权法第十条第一款第十二项规定的信息网络传播权是为了落实《世界知识产权组织版权条约》向公众提供权之相关规定，强调公众可以在其个人选定的时间和地点获得作品。被诉侵权平台与软件A几乎同时播放涉案节目，其播放行为是按照一定的时间表进行的，并不能使公众在个人选定的时间获取作品，因此被诉侵权平台转播软件A广播的节目没有侵害涉案节目的信息网络传播权。

(2) The right of network dissemination of information provided for in article 10, paragraph 1,paragraph 12 of the copyright law is to implement the provisions of thecopyright treaty of the world intellectual property organization (wipo) toprovide the right to the public, emphasizing that the public can obtain worksat the time and place selected by individuals. The accused infringing platformand software A broadcast the involved programs almost at the same time, and thebroadcasting behavior was carried out according to A certain schedule, whichcould not enable the public to obtain the works at the time selected byindividuals. Therefore, the program broadcast by the accused infringingplatform rebroadcast software A did not infringe the information networktransmission right of the involved programs.

③著作权法第十条第一款第十七项规定的其他权利是为了应对技术发展带来的新的作品使用方式，为权利人设置的兜底权利条款。广播权、信息网络传播权都产生于特定的环境下，内涵明确。虽然无法对广播权、信息网络传播权的文义进行扩张解释，容纳转播他人网络广播的行为，但使用新的信息技术向公众传播作品的权利应当归属于著作权人，被诉侵权行为侵害了涉案作品的应由著作权人享有的其他权利。

(3)The other rights stipulated in article 10, paragraph 1, paragraph 17 of the copyright law arethe provision of rights for the right holder in order to cope with the new waysof using the work brought about by technological development. The broadcastingright and the information network transmission right are generated in thespecific environment and have clear connotations. Although it is impossible toexpand the meaning of the right to broadcast and the right of informationnetwork transmission to accommodate the ACTS of rebroadcasting others' network broadcasts, the right to use new information technology to disseminate a workto the public should belong to the copyright owner.

我国关于信息网络权的立法，援引自WCT中的“向公众传播权”。相比WCT的规定，我国将非交互式的网络传播方式排除在信息网络传播权之外，不利于实践中一些侵权行为的认定。随着信息网络技术的不断发展，不断有新的商业模式出现，网络对我们生活的影响从深度和广度上都在进一步扩张，信息网络传播权的法律保护也必然要面临新的问题，法律规定的修订和完善也是必然趋势。信息网络传播权的保护，仍然要关注平衡，既要保护著作权人和其他权利人的合法权利，又不能阻碍相关产业的创新发展。这需要立法、司法、执法和法律从业人员以及相关产业经营者的共同努力方可实现。

China's legislation on the right toinformation network is quoted from the "right to communicate to thepublic" in WCT. Compared with the provisions of WCT, the non-interactivenetwork communication mode is excluded from the right of information networkcommunication in China, which is not conducive to the identification of someinfringements in practice. With the continuous development of informationnetwork technology and the emergence of new business models, the impact of thenetwork on our life is further expanding in both depth and breadth, the legalprotection of the right to spread information network is bound to face newproblems, and the revision and improvement of legal provisions is also aninevitable trend. The protection of the right of information networktransmission still needs to be balanced, which not only protects the legitimaterights of copyright holders and other right holders, but also cannot hinder theinnovation and development of related industries. This requires the jointefforts of legislative, judicial, law enforcement and legal practitioners aswell as relevant industry operators.