【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（四）|关于这次疫情引发旅游合同变更、解除等法律问题浅析

2020年1月24日，我国文化和旅游部办公厅发布了《关于全力做好新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作暂停旅游企业经营活动的紧急通知》，通知要求即日起全国旅行社及在线旅游企业暂停经营团队旅游及“机票+酒店”旅游产品；已出行的旅游团队，可按合同约定继续完成行程。文旅部的通知对于2020年春节的旅游业带来了非常大的影响？这其中也牵扯了很多法律问题， 2020年2月17日晚上九点，王单律师就疫情对旅游合同产生的热点法律问题在YY平台进行与大家进行探讨、交流。

On January 24, 2020, our country Culture and Tourism Office issued “About to prepare a outbreak infection pneumonia epidemic prevention and control work suspension travel business activities of the emergency notice”, notice requirements from now on the national tourism and travel agencies and online travel companies to suspend your management" tickets + hotel "tourism products; The tour group that has gone out may continue to complete the journey as agreed in the contract. Has the notice of the culture and tourism department brought a great impact on the tourism industry of the Spring Festival in 2020? There are also many legal issues involved. At 9:00 p.m. on February 17, 2020, lawyer Wang Dan discussed and communicated with all of you on YY platform about hot legal issues arising from the epidemic situation and tourism contracts.

2019年春节假期全国旅游收入为5139亿元，陕西春节旅游收入是259.33亿元，西安以“西安年·最中国” 系列活动，实现旅游收入144.78亿元，通过一系列数据，王律师开篇为大家展示了旅游业的重要性。也通过连线春节期间已完成旅游的游客和旅行社，直观的展示了疫情对他们的影响，以及疫情期间对旅游合同产生的法律问题，即对于旅游者来说因疫情影响导致行程取消的退款问题，对于旅行社来说如何降低损失？

During the 2019 Spring Festival holiday, the national tourism revenue is 513.9 billion yuan, while the tourism revenue of Shaanxi is 25.933 billion yuan. Xi 'an has realized the tourism revenue of 14.478 billion yuan through the series of activities of "The year of Xi 'an". Also, by connecting tourists and travel agencies who have completed their trips during the Spring Festival, the author intuitively shows the impact of the epidemic on them, as well as the legal issues arising from the travel contract during the epidemic, that is, how to reduce the loss for the travel agencies when the trip is cancelled due to the impact of the epidemic?

根据我国《旅游法》第六十七条 因不可抗力或者旅行社、履行辅助人已尽合理注意义务仍不能避免的事件，影响旅游行程的，按照下列情形处理：(一)合同不能继续履行的，旅行社和旅游者均可以解除合同。合同不能完全履行的，旅行社经向旅游者作出说明，可以在合理范围内变更合同;旅游者不同意变更的，可以解除合同。(二)合同解除的，组团社应当在扣除已向地接社或者履行辅助人支付且不可退还的费用后，将余款退还旅游者;合同变更的，因此增加的费用由旅游者承担，减少的费用退还旅游者。

In accordance with article 67 of the tourism law of China, if the travel schedule is affected by force majeure or by events that cannot be avoided even after the travel agency or the helper has performed the duty of reasonable care, the following circumstances shall apply:(1) if the contract cannot be continued, the travel agency and the tourist may terminate the contract. Where the contract cannot be fully performed, the travel agency may, after making an explanation to the tourist, amend the contract within a reasonable scope; The tourist who does not agree to the alteration may terminate the contract. (2) in case of termination of the contract, the authorized travel agency shall refund the tourists the balance after deducting the non-refundable fees already paid to the local travel agency or the performance assistant; If the contract is modified, the increased cost shall be borne by the tourists, and the reduced cost shall be refunded to the tourists.

因此游客因疫情导致旅游行程被取消，可以要求旅行社退费，但是应当旅行社可以扣除已向地接社或者履行辅助人支付且不可退还的费用，将余额退还给旅游者，并非全额退款，但是旅行社对于不可退还的费用承担举证责任。

Therefore, if a tourist's trip is cancelled due to the epidemic, he or she may request a refund from the travel agency. However, the travel agency may deduct the non-refundable fees paid to the local travel agency or the performance assistant, and return the balance to the tourist, not a full refund. However, the travel agency shall bear the burden of proof for the non-refundable fees.

对于旅行社来说，他们可以选择与旅游者协商变更合同，采取延期出行、更改行程等方式来避免受本次疫情影响。疫情发生后应及时要求供应商取消预定、停止操作，避免业务损失的进一步扩大，最后就是及时向旅游者说明退费的周期和标准计算方式避免游客投诉退费时间长的问题，同时启动旅行责任索赔程序。

For travel agencies, they can choose to negotiate with tourists to change their contracts, delay their trips or change their schedules to avoid being affected by the outbreak. After the outbreak of the epidemic, the supplier should be required to cancel the reservation and stop the operation in time to avoid the further expansion of business losses. Finally, the refund cycle and standard calculation method should be explained to tourists in time to avoid the problem of long refund time complained by tourists, and the travel liability claim procedure should be started at the same time.

旅游业是受环境影响非常大的一个行业，不仅是自然灾害、社会暴乱都会影响旅游业的发展。本次疫情发生也是不断考验着旅游经营企业在经营以及与国际合作中的法律风险防控意识，企业的合规管理能力和风险处理能力。因此作为旅行经营企业也需要完善旅游合同及与其他供应商合作合同中的不可抗力条款、处理措施的约定，避免事件发生后没有可以依据的条款，没有条款执行，也就容易产生问题、产生纠纷。

Tourism is an industry greatly affected by the environment, not only natural disasters, social riots will affect the development of tourism. The outbreak of this epidemic is also constantly testing the awareness of the legal risk prevention and control in the operation and international cooperation of tourism enterprises, as well as their compliance management ability and risk handling ability. Therefore, as a travel business enterprise, it is also necessary to improve the force majeure clauses and treatment measures in the tourism contract and the cooperation contract with other suppliers, so as to avoid problems and disputes if there are no provisions to be followed and no provisions to be implemented.