【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百八十一）┃《民法典》买卖合同的10大变化+法律要点

买卖合同被公认为最重要的典型合同。无论在1999年合同法的分则中，还是在2020年民法典合同编的典型合同分编中，买卖合同均专章居首。

民商事实践中，买卖合同是最常见、最广泛的合同类型。司法实践中，在其他有偿合同（包括债权、股权等权利转让合同）无法律规定时，参照适用买卖合同的有关规定。

The sale contract is recognized as the most important typical contract. No matter in the sub-rules of the 1999 Contract Law or in the typical contract sub-sections of the 2020 Civil Code Contracts, the sales and purchase contracts are the first.

In civil and commercial practice, the sale and purchase contract is the most common and broadest type of contract. In judicial practice, when there are no legal provisions in other paid contracts (including rights transfer contracts such as creditor's rights and equity), the relevant provisions of the applicable sales contract shall be referred to.

立法体系上，99年合同法未纳入的一些规则和制度，如过失相抵、损益相抵、预约合同等，藉由《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》（法释〔2012〕8号，“12年司法解释”）对合同法体系查漏补缺，并进而由民法典吸收成为合同编通则的规定。

买卖合同名为典型合同而实具通则意义，故12年司法解释亦有“小合同法”之称。因此，本文重点论述买卖合同相关内容，由此及彼，对其他合同类型亦有参考意义。我们将对合同法、12年司法解释进行对比，概括介绍民法典买卖合同一章的若干修订亮点。

In the legislative system, some rules and systems that were not included in the Contract Law of 1999, such as negligence, profit and loss, appointment contracts, etc., are provided through the "Supreme People's Court Interpretation on Applicable Legal Issues in Trial of Sales Contract Disputes" (Law [2012 ] No. 8, "Judicial Interpretation for 12 Years") to fill the gaps in the contract law system, and then absorbed by the Civil Code into the provisions of the general contract compilation.

The sales contract is called a typical contract but has general meaning. Therefore, the 12-year judicial interpretation is also called the "small contract law." Therefore, this article focuses on the relevant content of the sale and purchase contract, and it is also useful for other contract types. We will compare the contract law and the 12-year judicial interpretation, and summarize some of the highlights of the amendments to the chapter on sales contracts in the Civil Code.

01增加了买卖合同内容的列举

02明确了出卖人无权处分时,买受人的救济途径

03在无另外约定的情况下,货交承运人后,标的物毁损、灭失的风险由买受人承担

04修改规定了在无另外约定的情况下,出卖人负有保证受让人取得标的物完整物权的义务

05修改增加规定了因出卖人故意或重大过失不告知买受人标的物瑕疵的,出卖人无权主张减轻或者免除责任

06增加了对检验期间、推定检验、检验标准的规定

07增加规定了买卖合同的出卖人依法负有回收义务

08增加规定了当事人可以约定标的物孳息的归属

09对试用买卖中视为购买的情形、使用费的支付和风险承担作出了规定

10对出卖人保留标的物的所有权,出卖人在保留标的物所有权基础上的取回及出卖人取回后买受人的赎回权新增了规定。

01 Added the listing of the content of the sales contract

02 clarified the remedy channels for the buyer when the seller has no right to dispose of

03 Unless otherwise agreed, after the cargo is delivered to the carrier, the risk of damage or loss of the subject matter shall be borne by the buyer

04 The amendment stipulates that, unless otherwise agreed, the seller has the obligation to ensure that the transferee obtains the complete property right of the subject matter

05 The amendment adds that if the seller fails to inform the buyer of the defect in the subject matter due to intentional or gross negligence, the seller has no right to claim a reduction or exemption of liability

06 Added regulations on inspection period, presumption inspection and inspection standards

07 Added that the seller of the sales contract shall have the obligation of recycling according to law

08 Added provisions that the parties can agree on the ownership of the fruits of the subject matter

09 Provisions are made on the circumstances that are deemed to be purchases in trial trading, the payment of royalties and the assumption of risks

10 The seller retains the ownership of the subject matter, and the seller retains the ownership of the subject matter on the basis of the retrieval and the buyer's redemption right after the seller retrieves it.