【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（一百）┃分期付款买卖的相关法律分析

分期付款自第二次世界大战结束后就成为人们进行买卖时的重要付款方式，它是信用经济的产物。不少国家颁布了专门的“分期付款法”，《中华人民共和国合同法》仅通过第167条对分期付款买卖做出规范。为弥补规范上的薄弱，《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》（法释【2012】8号）对分期付款买卖做出进一步明确。2016年最高人民法院又试图通过指导案例67号强调第167条的适用规则。

Since the end of the second world war, installment payment has become an important way for people to buy and sell. It is the product of the credit economy. Many countries have promulgated special "installment payment law", and the contract law of the People's Republic of China only regulates the installment payment business through article 167. In order to make up for the weakness in norms, the supreme people's court's interpretation on the application of laws in the trial of cases concerning disputes over sales contracts (legal interpretation [2012] no.8) further clarifies the installment sales. In 2016, the supreme people's court again tried to emphasize the applicable rule of article 167 by guiding case no. 67.

第167条共两款。第1款在买受人迟延支付价款时赋予出卖人终止分期付款约定或者解除买卖合同的法定权。出卖人选择终止分期付款约定的，第1款是出卖人要求买受人支付全部剩余价款的请求权基础。在出卖人选择解除买卖合同时，第2款是出卖人主张使用费的请求权基础。解除合同的其他法律后果遵循合同解除的一般规定。

Article 167 contains two paragraphs. Article 1 gives the seller the legal right to terminate the installment agreement or terminate the sales contract when the buyer delays in paying the price. Where the seller chooses to terminate the installment agreement, the first paragraph is the basis of the right to claim that the seller requires the buyer to pay the total remaining price. When the seller chooses to terminate the sales contract, paragraph 2 is the basis for the seller to claim the right to use. Other legal consequences of termination of the contract shall follow the general provisions of termination of the contract.

分期付款买卖的主要特点是“标的先交付性”，买受人在未支付全部价款的情况下取得标的物的占有甚至所有权，出卖人为了保障自己的价款请求权，通常会在买卖合同中与买受人有利于自己条款。解除合同和要求支付全部价款是分期付款出卖人保障自己权利的最重要的措施，故全国人大法工委指出，第167条第1款对出卖人解除合同或者立即支付全部价款的条件做出“五分之一”的限制，目的在于保护买受人的利益，为了防止出卖人滥用解除权，防止买受人一有迟延支付价款的行为出卖人立即解除合同或者要求支付全部价款。

The main characteristic of installment buying and selling is "property of mark first deliver", the person that buy gets the possession of the subject matter below the circumstance that does not pay total price even ownership, the person that sell a person is in order to protect his price to ask for a right, can be in commonly in the contract of sale and purchase with the person that buy be advantageous to him clause. Terminate the contract and the request pay total cost is pay by installments betray a person to safeguard their rights of the most important measures, therefore, the National People's Congress li pointed out that with paragraph 1 of article 167 of the seller to cancel the contract or immediately pay total cost conditions make the limitation of "one 5", the purpose is to protect the interests of the buyer, in order to prevent the seller termination right abuse, to prevent the buyer pay the price there is a delay in the behavior of the seller immediately terminate the contract or require pay total cost.