【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（九十七）┃股东损害公司债权人利益责任纠纷及权利救济

股东未出资或未全面履行出资义务损害公司债权人利益，公司债权人可以未出资或未全面出资的股东为被告，要求其在未出资的本息范围内，对公司债务不能清偿部分承担补充赔偿责任。但如果因股东的出资不足导致公司的注册资本低于法定的最低标准而使公司未能成立时，则该股东应对公司债务承担无限连带责任。

股东抽逃出资损害公司债权人利益。公司债权人可以该股东为被告，要求其在抽逃出资的本息范围内对公司债务不能清偿部分承担补充责任。同时，对于为股东抽逃出资提供协助的其他股东、董事、高级管理人员或者实际控制人，债权人可一并起诉上述人员，要求其与抽逃出资的股东承担连带责任。

If a shareholder's failure to make capital contributionor fully perform the obligation of capital contribution damages the interestsof the creditors of the company, the creditors of the company may ask theshareholders who have not made capital contribution or fully made capitalcontribution to be the defendants and require them to bear the supplementaryliability for compensation for the part of the debts of the company that cannotbe paid off within the scope of the principal and interest of the non-capitalcontribution. However, if the registered capital of the company is lower thanthe statutory minimum standard due to the insufficient capital contribution ofthe shareholder and the company fails to be established, the shareholder shallassume unlimited joint and several liabilities for the debts of the company.

The shareholder's withdrawal of capital willharm the interests of the company's creditors. The creditor of the company may,as the defendant, require the shareholder to bear supplementary liability forthe unliquidated part of the debts of the company within the scope of theprincipal and interest withdrawn from the capital contribution. At the sametime, for other shareholders, directors, senior managers or actual controllerswho provide assistance for shareholders to withdraw or flee their capitalcontributions, the creditors may bring a suit against the above-mentionedpersons together and require them to bear joint and several liabilities withthe shareholders who withdraw or flee their capital contributions.

公司法人人格否认。公司人格不再独立，股东资产与公司资产混同、股东业务与公司业务混同，包括关联交易等行为，公司独立的人格被股东所吸收而不再独立，债权人可以该股东为被告提起诉讼，要求其对公司债务承担无限连带清偿责任。

Corporate personality denial. Corporate personalityis no longer independent, shareholder assets are mixed with the company'sassets, shareholder business is mixed with the company's business, includingrelated transactions, etc., the company's independent personality is absorbedby shareholders and no longer independent, creditors can file a lawsuit onbehalf of the defendant, requiring them to assume unlimited joint and severalliabilities for the company's debts.

侵害债权人权益，债权人可否主张股东出资加速到期？

根据《全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要》关于股东出资加速到期，第6条明确表示在注册资本认缴制下，股东依法享有期限利益。债权人以公司不能清偿到期债务为由，请求未届出资期限的股东在未出资范围内对公司不能清偿的债务承担补充赔偿责任的，人民法院不予支持。但是，下列情形除外：（1）公司作为被执行人的案件，人民法院穷尽执行措施无财产可供执行，已具备破产原因，但不申请破产的；（2）在公司债务产生后，公司股东（大）会决议或以其他方式延长股东出资期限的。也就是说，在认缴制下，一般不应加速股东出资期限到期，侵害股东出资的可期待性利益，但是如果因此而导致公司难以继续存续，或者通过股东会决议等恶意延长股东出资期限的，则不受此限制。

Infringement of the rights and interests ofcreditors, can creditors request shareholders to contribute to accelerate thematurity?

According to the summary of the civil andcommercial judicial meeting of the national court on the acceleration of theexpiration of shareholders' capital contribution, article 6 clearly states thatunder the registered capital subscription system, shareholders enjoy theinterests of the term according to law. The people's court shall not support acreditor who, on the ground that the company is unable to pay off the debtsthat are due, requests the shareholders who have not paid the capitalcontribution to bear the supplementary compensation liability for the debtsthat the company is unable to pay. (1) in a case in which the company is theperson subjected to execution, the people's court has exhausted its executionmeasures and no property is available for execution, and it has reasons forbankruptcy, but does not file for bankruptcy;(2) after the company's debts areincurred, the shareholders of the company (the majority) may decide to extendthe period of shareholders' contribution by other means. That is to say, underthe subscription system, generally, the expiration of shareholder'scontribution period should not be accelerated to infringe on the expectedinterests of shareholder's contribution. However, if the company is unable tocontinue to exist due to this, or the shareholder's contribution period isextended in bad faith through resolutions of the shareholders' meeting, it willnot be subject to this restriction.