【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（七十四）∣电梯安装维保过程中存在的法律问题解析

在上一次直播中周律师分享了电梯设备合同纠纷中买卖安装问题，本次直播中周律师将与您继续探讨电梯安装维保过程中存在的相关法律问题。

In the last live broadcast, lawyer Zhou shared the problems of sales and installation in the contract dispute of elevator equipment. In this live broadcast, lawyer Zhou will continue to discuss with you the legal problems existing in the process of elevator installation and maintenance.

01：电梯制造公司能否以电梯安装公司在履行之前的合同中涉嫌存在违规行为来终止现在的合同履行？

法院裁判认为电梯制造公司不能以电梯安装公司在履行之前的合同中涉嫌存在违规行为来终止现在的合同履行。况且，电梯属于特种设备，根据相关法律之规定，电梯从买卖到安装直至验收、交付使用包括质量保修一系列步骤应存在连贯性。电梯的制造方、销售方、安装方均有责任保障用户对电梯的安全使用。至于电梯制造公司如认为电梯安装公司存在伪造电梯制造商公章虚假报检等违规行为，造成其名誉和权利受到侵害的，可依法向相关部门另行主张权利。

律师建议：各电梯企业应当合规经营，在电梯销售安装过程中一定要严守与品牌方的约定，若为了追求不当利益擅自更换电梯部件或者私刻公章假冒他人从事安装活动，一旦被发现除了要承担民事责任、行政责任，构成犯罪的，电梯企业及其法定代表人将要承担刑事责任，这对电梯企业来说也是不能承受之重，电梯企业也将很难在行业内生存与发展。

The court ruled that the elevator manufacturing company could not terminate the current contract on the grounds that the elevator installation company had violated the previous contract.Moreover,theelevator belongs to the special equipment, according to the relevant provisions of the law, the elevator from the purchase and sale to installation to acceptance, delivery, use including the quality of a series of steps should be consistent. The manufacturers, sellers and installers of elevators are all responsible for ensuring the safety of the elevators. As for the elevator manufacturing company, if it believes that the elevator installation company has forged the official seal of the elevator manufacturer, false inspection and other violations, resulting in the infringement of its reputation and rights, it may claim rights to the relevant departments in accordance with the law.

Lawyersuggested:the elevator enterprisesshallcompliance management, in the process of elevator sales, installation must be strictly with the provisions of the brand side, if in order to seek improper benefit change elevator parts or SiKe seal is forged in installation activities, once they are found in addition to bear civil liability, administrative liability, if the case constitutes a crime, the elevator enterprises and their legal representative shall bear criminal responsibility, it is also for elevator enterprises cannot bear, elevator enterprises will also be difficult to survival and development in the industry.

02：因第三人原因导致物件致人损害的，电梯公司是否承担责任？

法院裁判认为物件致人损害原因系受害人与第三人共同对电梯实施踢踹行为导致电梯门严重受损异常打开致使背靠电梯的受害人跌入电梯井道发生坠亡事故，物业公司未能及时发现并主动采取诸如巡查、警示、告诫等积极应对措施防范风险扩大，属于风险防控管理存在疏失，应承担部分责任，《日常维保记录》、电梯合格证书和《电梯验收检验报告》等资料表明电梯生产单位和安装单位已经尽了安全保障义务，因此不承担赔偿责任。

律师建议：在电梯交付买方使用后无论是在免费维保期内还是有偿维保期内，电梯企业都应当履行好对电梯主体结构的常规维保义务，排除安全隐患。在维护保养时也要做好维保记录存档、及时配合物业公司申请政府相关主管部门对电梯进行年检，使电梯始终处于安全有效运行状态。在电梯使用过程中即使发生安全事故，积极赔偿调查处理，从而最大限度减少自身责任，防止损失的扩大。

Court judges think objects cause person damage reason is the victim of elevator together with a third person implement kicking behavior lead to abnormal open the back of the elevator door was badly damaged by the victim of the lift into the elevator shaft fell from accident, property company failed to timely discover and active measures such as inspection, warning, warning, such as positive measures to prevent risks to expand, belongs to the risk prevention and control management oversight, part of the responsibility, the daily maintenance records, elevator certificate of quality and the elevator acceptance inspection report data indicate that the elevator production unit and installation has made the safety guarantee obligation, therefore does not assume liability to pay compensation.

Lawyer suggested: after the elevator is delivered to the buyer for use, no matter in the free maintenance period or paid maintenance period, the elevator enterprises should perform the normal maintenance obligations of the main structure of the elevator, to eliminate safety risks. In the maintenance of the maintenance records should also be done to file, timely cooperate with the property company to apply for the relevant competent departments of the government for the annual inspection of the elevator, the elevator is always in a safe and effective operation state. In the use of the elevator, even if there is a safety accident, active compensation investigation and treatment, so as to minimize their own liability, to prevent the expansion of losses.

03：物业公司擅自使用检验不合格电梯，而受到行政处罚，对于该项损失，电梯公司是否承担赔偿责任？

法院裁判认为物业公司受到行政处罚基于其作为特种设备使用人，使用经检验不合格的特种设备，其受处罚的原因与电梯公司履行维保合同之间不具有因果关系。因此电梯公司不承担赔偿责任。

律师建议：

作为物业公司要有高度的电梯安全法律意识，应当认识到电梯未经检验合格不得使用，否则不仅要承担行政责任，一旦发生事故将承担民事赔偿责任，物业公司及其直接责任人、法定代表人将会承担相应的刑事责任。

作为电梯公司在提供维保服务时，应将电梯如何报请年检及安全使用明确在约定在维保合同之中，并严格履行。在维保公司不配合报请年检时应当及时书面函告说明电梯不及时报请年检的风险，留存好日常维保记录、年检报告等相关证据材料，防止发生纠纷时因举证不能而承担败诉风险。

The court held that the property company was subject to administrative punishment because it was a user of special equipment and used the unqualified special equipment, and there was no causal relationship between the reason for the punishment and the performance of the maintenance contract by the elevator company. Therefore, the elevator company is not liable for compensation.

Lawyer suggested:

As a property company, it should have a high legal awareness of elevator safety and realize that the elevator cannot be used without being inspected and qualified. Otherwise, it should not only assume administrative responsibility, but also bear civil compensation liability once an accident occurs, and the property company and its directly responsible person and legal representative will bear corresponding criminal responsibility.

As an elevator company in the provision of maintenance services, the elevator shall be how to report for annual inspection and safe use in the maintenance contract clearly agreed, and strictly performed. If the maintenance company fails to cooperate with the application for annual inspection, it shall promptly inform the elevator in writing of the risk of failing to timely submit for annual inspection, and keep the daily maintenance records, annual inspection reports and other relevant evidence materials, so as to prevent the company from bearing the risk of losing the lawsuit due to the lack of proof in the case of disputes.