【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（五十四）|民商事案件涉外送达相关问题

随着国家一带一路政策的推行，民商事涉外案件的数量与日俱增，但是在涉外案件处理中，法律文书送达是导致涉外案件耗时长的主要原因之一，尤其是一些简单的涉外离婚、小额贸易诉讼等案件，当事人更会感觉繁琐，整个案件的进程大部分时间会耽误在送达上。本文将就如何有效地完成涉外送达进行论述：

As countries along the way theimplementation of the policy, increasing the number of civil and commercialcases involving foreign elements, but in dealing with the cases involvingforeign elements, legal document delivery is a major cause of foreign-relatedcases take long, especially some simple foreign-related divorce, small tradelitigation and other cases, the parties will feel tedious, the process of acase most of the time delay on the delivery. This paper will discuss how toeffectively complete foreign-related service:

根据《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百六十七条的规定：人民法院对在中华人民共和国领域内没有住所的当事人送达诉讼文书，可以采用下列方式：（一）依照受送达人所在国与中华人民共和国缔结或者共同参加的国际条约中规定的方式送达； （二）通过外交途径送达；（三）对具有中华人民共和国国籍的受送达人，可以委托中华人民共和国驻受送达人所在国的使领馆代为送达；（四）向受送达人委托的有权代其接受送达的诉讼代理人送达；（五）向受送达人在中华人民共和国领域内设立的代表机构或者有权接受送达的分支机构、业务代办人送达；（六）受送达人所在国的法律允许邮寄送达的，可以邮寄送达，自邮寄之日起满三个月，送达回证没有退回，但根据各种情况足以认定已经送达的，期间届满之日视为送达；（七）采用传真、电子邮件等能够确认受送达人收悉的方式送达；（八）不能用上述方式送达的，公告送达，自公告之日起满三个月，即视为送达。

According to the law of the People'sRepublic of China civil procedure law "The two hundred and sixty-seventhregulation: the people's court has no domicile within the territory of thePeople's Republic of China the litigation documents, the parties can use thefollowing ways: (1) In accordance with the recipient's country and the People'sRepublic of China in accordance with the international treaties concluded orcommon way of delivery; (2) Service through diplomatic channels; (3) To entrustan embassy or consulate of the People's Republic of China in the country wherethe person on whom the service is to be made may be served on the person whohas the nationality of the People's Republic of China; (4) To serve on the agentAD litem entrusted by the person on whom the service is to be performed; (5) Toserve on a representative office established within the territory of thePeople's Republic of China by the person on whom the service is to be served oron a branch office or business agent entitled to receive service; (6) Ifservice by post is permitted by the law of the country where the person on whomthe service is to be made is to be served, such service may be made by post.(7) Delivery by fax, E-mail or other means that can confirm receipt by theperson on whom the service is to be made; (8) Where service cannot be renderedby the aforesaid means, service by announcement shall be deemed to have beenrendered at the end of three months from the date of the announcement.

在进行涉外送达的时候，务必要尽快完成以下三点：

第一，确定对方是否在中华人民共和国境内，可以申请法官前往出入境管理局进行查询；第二，确定对方已经离开国境的，尽快协助审理法官联系省高院明确翻译机构，并在省高院入库的翻译机构中选择机构进行翻译（收案之前，记得要提示当事人翻译费需要由原告支付），翻译的文件包括：起诉状/上诉状/反诉状/答辩状副本、传票、送达回证、举证通知、受理通知、送达地址确认书等以及其他司法文书；第三，选择送达方式，我国域外送达的法律依据主要是《民事诉讼法》第二百六十七条的规定，采用了八种送达方式：根据国际条约规定送达；通过外交途径送达；委托使领馆代为送达；向诉讼代理人送达；向代表机构送达；邮寄送达；传真电子邮件送达；公告送达。向诉讼代理人送达和向代表机构送达属于域内送达，不在本文讨论范围内。

In the foreign service, be sure tocomplete the following three points as soon as possible:

First, to determine whether the otherparty is within the territory of the People's Republic of China, a judge can beapplied to the exit and entry administration bureau for inquiry; Second,determine the other party has left the country, to assist the trial judge assoon as possible contact provincial high court translation agencies, and of thetranslation agency in the provincial high court warehousing agency fortranslation (until the cognizance, remember to tip the translation fees need tobe paid by the plaintiff), translation of documents include: the complaint/petition/   copy, summons, notification and proof,the certificate of service acceptance notice, delivery address confirmation andother judicial documents; Third, the method of service is selected. The mainlegal basis for extraterritorial service in China is the provisions of article267 of the civil procedure law. Through diplomatic channels; To entrust anembassy or consulate to serve on its behalf; Service to an agent AD litem;Service to a representative office; Service by post; Fax and E-mail service;Service by announcement. Service to an agent AD litem and service to arepresentative body are within the scope of this article.

01:邮寄送达

《民事诉讼法》及其司法解释均规定，受送达人所在国的法律允许邮寄送达的，可以邮寄送达，自邮寄之日起满三个月，送达回证没有退回，但根据各种情况足以认定已经送达的，期间届满之日视为送达。如果未收到送达的证明文件，且根据各种情况不足以认定已经送达的，视为不能用邮寄方式送达。

According to the civil procedure law andits judicial interpretation, service by mail is allowed by the law of thecountry where the person on whom the service is to be made may be served bymail. After three months from the date of mailing, the receipt of service hasnot been returned, but according to various circumstances, it is deemed to havebeen served. If no documentary proof of service has been received, and if thecircumstances are not sufficient to determine the service has been made, theservice shall not be deemed to have been made by post.

02:传真、电子邮件送达

传真、电子邮件送达虽然便捷，司法实践中却很少使用。

Although fax and E-mail are convenient,they are seldom used in judicial practice.

03:根据国际条约规定送达

由于邮寄送达范围和电子送达的局限性，根据国际条约送达成了域外送达最重要的送达方式。司法实践中向域外的非中国公民、法人送达情况比较复杂，可以分为以下几类：

Due to the limitation of the scope ofservice by mail and the limitation of electronic service, service according tothe international treaty has become the most important way of service outsidethe territory. In judicial practice, the service to foreign non-chinesecitizens and legal persons is rather complicated, which can be divided into thefollowing categories:

1. 送达对象位于海牙送达公约国。通常送达途径为：请求法院—高级人民法院—最高人民法院—中国中央机关（司法部）—外国中央机关。

1. Service to the convention state is atthe Hague. The usual way of service is: request court-higher people'scourt-supreme people's court-chinese central organ (ministry of justice)-foreign central organ.

2. 送达对象位于双边司法协助条约国。根据《关于涉外民事或商事案件司法文书送达问题若干规定》，受送达人所在国与我国签订司法协助协定，且为海牙送达公约成员国的，按照司法协助协定办理。通常送达途径为：请求法院—高级人民法院—最高人民法院—中国中央机关—外国中央机关。

2. The object of service is located in thebilateral judicial assistance treaty country. In accordance with the provisionson the service of judicial documents in foreign-related civil or commercialcases, if the country where the person on whom the service is to be made hassigned an agreement on judicial assistance with China and served in the Hagueon a member state of the convention, such agreement shall be followed. Theusual way of service is: request court - higher people's court - supremepeople's court - Chinese central organs - foreign central organs.

04:委托使领馆代为送达和外交送达

使领馆送达是国际通行的送达途径，但仅代本国国籍的受送达人接受本国法院的送达并负责转交。通常送达途径为：1.向在海牙送达公约或者双边司法协助条约过中国籍人送达的请求途径为：请求法院—高级人民法院—最高人民法院—中国中央机关（司法部）—中国驻该国使领馆；2.向在非海牙送达公约也非双边司法协助条约过中国籍人送达的请求途径为：请求法院—高级人民法院—最高人民法院—中国外交部。

The service by the embassy or consulate isan internationally accepted way of service, but only on behalf of the person ofhis nationality can he be served by the court of his country and be responsiblefor the transfer. 1. The request for service of the convention or bilateraljudicial assistance treaty at the Hague to a Chinese national shall be made tothe court -- the higher people's court -- the supreme people's court -- thecentral organ of China (ministry of justice) -- the Chinese embassy orconsulate in the country; 2. The way to request the service of the conventionor the bilateral judicial assistance treaty to a Chinese national who is not inthe Hague is to request the court-the higher people's court-the supremepeople's court-the ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China.

外交送达适用于向既非海牙送达公约成员国，也没有与我国签订双边司法协助条约的国家的法人和非中国籍自然人送达司法文书。通常送达途径为：请求法院—高级人民法院—最高人民法院—中国外交部。

Diplomatic service is applicable to theservice of judicial documents to legal persons and natural persons ofnon-chinese nationality who are not members of the Hague service convention andwho have not signed bilateral judicial assistance treaties with China. Theusual way of service is: request court-higher people's court-supreme people'scourt-ministry of foreign affairs of China.

05:公告送达

不能用上述方式送达的，采用公告送达，自公告之日起满三个月，即视为送达。关于公告的载体，应在国内外公开发行的报刊上刊登。

If the service cannot be made by theaforesaid means, the service shall be made by announcement, and the serviceshall be deemed to have been made at the end of three months from the date ofthe announcement. The carrier of the announcement shall be published in thenewspapers and periodicals that are publicly issued at home and abroad.

最后，涉外民商事诉讼域外送达是民事诉讼中一项重要制度，域外送达违反法律规定和正当程序原则不仅会影响我国判决的承认与执行，甚至会侵犯他国主权。随着经贸交流、人员往来的持续深化，以及“一带一路”战略的深入贯彻落实，涉外民商事诉讼域外送达遇到的问题将随着立法的成熟、技术的完善得到有效解决。

Finally, extraterritorial service offoreign-related civil and commercial litigation is an important system in civillitigation. Extraterritorial service in violation of legal provisions and theprinciple of due process will not only affect the recognition and enforcementof judgments in China, but even infringe on the sovereignty of other countries.With the continuous deepening of economic and trade exchanges and personnelexchanges, as well as the in-depth implementation of the "The Belt and TheRoad" strategy, the problems encountered in the extraterritorial serviceof foreign-related civil and commercial litigation will be effectively solvedwith the maturity of legislation and the improvement of technology.