【线上云德】疫情期间律师说（二十九）|聊聊套路贷的那些事儿

这几年“套路贷”是一个很火爆的词汇，在各种新闻资讯中屡见不鲜，但什么是套路贷？套路贷都具备 那些特征和套路？我们如何防止自己被套路？笔者今天就跟大家聊聊这个问题。

These years "Routine Loan" is a very popular word, in a variety of news and information, but what is the "Routine Loan"? What are the characteristics and routines of "Routine Loan"? How can we prevent ourselves from being trapped? I'm going to talk to you about this today.

所谓套路贷，是对以非法占有为目的，假借民间借贷之名，诱使或迫使被害人签订“借贷”或变相“借贷”“抵押”“担保”等相关协议，通过虚增借贷金额、恶意制造违约、肆意认定违约、毁匿还款证据等方式形成虚假债权债务，并借助诉讼、仲裁、公证或者采用暴力、威胁以及其他手段非法占有被害人财物的相关违法犯罪活动的概括性称谓。

So-called routines, is for the purpose of illegal possession, under the guise of private lending, induce or force the victim to sign the "borrowing" or "mortgage" "guarantees" and other relevant agreements, through increased borrowing amount, malicious default, wanton ways such as the default payment evidence minnith, of the formation of false claims and debts, and with the aid of litigation, arbitration, notarization or illegal possession of the victim by violence, threat, and other means illegal and criminal activities associated with the property of general appellation.

“套路贷”的实质是一个披着民间借贷外衣行诈骗之实的骗局。

The essence of the "Routine Loan" is a swindle under the cloak of folk loan.

01：“套路贷”的常见套路和步骤

（1）温情脉脉，江湖救急，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人往往以“小额贷款公司”“投资公司”“咨询公司”“担保公司”“网络借贷平台”等名义对外宣传，以低息、无抵押、无担保、快速放款等为诱饵吸引被害人借款。

（2）以放款审核为名要求受害人提供个人及家庭成员信息，

（3）借期较短，一般不会超过一个月，有的甚至仅为一周，甚至更短

（4）时要求受害人在放款前或者放款的同时缴纳所谓的“手续费”、“保证金”、“行规”等，借款2000元，到手可能只有1400元到1600元，计算后这些费用在借期内的资金成本远远超出法定最高民间借贷利率，同时约定高额逾期还款违约金。

（5）制造资金走账流水等虚假给付事实。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人按照虚高的“借贷”协议金额将资金转入被害人账户，制造已将全部借款交付被害人的银行流水痕迹，随后便采取各种手段将其中全部或者部分资金收回，被害人实际上并未取得或者完全取得“借贷”协议、银行流水上显示的钱款。

（6）故意制造违约或者肆意认定违约。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人往往会以设置违约陷阱、制造还款障碍等方式，故意造成被害人违约，或者通过肆意认定违约，强行要求被害人偿还虚假债务。

（7）恶意垒高借款金额。当被害人无力偿还时，有的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会安排其所属公司或者指定的关联公司、关联人员为被害人偿还“借款”，继而与被害人签订金额更大的虚高“借贷”协议或相关协议，通过这种“转单平账”“以贷还贷”的方式不断垒高“债务”。

（8）软硬兼施“索债”。在被害人未偿还虚高“借款”的情况下，犯罪嫌疑人、被告人借助诉讼、仲裁、公证或者采用暴力、威胁以及其他手段向被害人或者被害人的特定关系人索取“债务”。

1.Tender and urgent, the criminal suspects and defendants often publicize in the name of "small loan company", "investment company", "consulting company", "guarantee company", "online lending platform", etc., and attract victims to borrow money with the bait of low interest, no collateral, no guarantee, quick loan, etc.

2.To request the victim to provide personal and family member information in the name of loan audit;

3.The loan period is relatively short, generally no more than a month, some even only a week, or even less

4.The victim in the loan or loan requests at the same time pay so-called "fees" and "margin", "guild regulations", etc., borrowing 2000 yuan, it might only be 1400 yuan to 1600 yuan, calculated the costs in the borrow period of cost of capital is far beyond the maximum folk lending interest rates, high late payment penalty due to breach of contract and agreement.

5.Creating false payment facts such as money flowing through accounts. The criminal suspect or defendant in accordance with the "borrowing" artificially high agreement amount putting the money into account, the victim has all of the victim's bank loan delivery water trace, and then take various means to recover all or part of funding, the victim does not actually or completely "borrowing" agreement, bank the money shown on the water.

6.Intentionally creating a breach of contract or arbitrarily determining the breach. Criminal suspects and defendants often set default traps, create repayment obstacles and other ways, deliberately cause the victim to default, or arbitrarily identify the default, forced the victim to repay false debts.

7.The loan amount is maliciously raised. When the victim is unable to repay, some of the criminal suspect or defendant will arrange their company of affiliation or designated affiliates and related personnel for the victim to repay "loan", signed with the victim and the amount more inflated "borrowing" agreement or agreements, through this kind of "turning the plain account" "payment terms" continuously the lego "debt".

8. The carrot and the stick. In the case that the victim has not repaid the inflated "loan", the criminal suspect or defendant demands "debt" from the victim or the victim's specific contact person by means of litigation, arbitration, notarization or violence, threat or other means.

“套路贷”犯罪的发展蔓延，不仅直接侵害被害人的合法财产权益，而且其中掺杂的暴力、威胁、虚假诉讼等索款手段又容易诱发其他犯罪，甚至造成被害人卖车、卖房抵债等严重后果，很多人因为一笔几千元套路贷家破人亡。

The development and spread of "routine loan" crime not only directly infringes on the legitimate property rights and interests of the victims, but also the violence, threats, false litigation and other means of demanding payment are easy to induce other crimes, and even cause the victims to sell cars, sell houses to offset debts and other serious consequences, a lot of people because of a thousand yuan of routine loan family destroyed.

02：如何防止自己被套路呢？

（一）小便宜莫占，没有那么多天下掉馅饼的事，非亲非故，陌生人以看似很低的获益放款给你？

（二）借款期限较短（一般不超过一个月），同时收取手续费或者保证金的；

（三）违约金过高的（利息、违约金合计超过年利率百分之二十四的

（四）还不了款打的情形下，介绍新的借款人给你借钱的

（五）索要家庭成员个人信息的

1.Petty gain mo take advantage of, there are not so many things that the world lost pie, non-relatives, strangers with seemingly very low benefit loans to you?

2.Where the term of the loan is relatively short (generally not more than one month) and a handling fee or deposit is collected at the same time;

3.Liquidated damages that are too high (the interest and liquidated damages together exceed 24 percent of the annual interest rate)

4.Under the circumstance that the payment cannot be paid, introduce a new borrower to lend you money

5.Requesting personal information of family members

如果各位朋友不幸早遇到了套路贷，建议向公安机关报案，现在套路贷属于公安机关打击对象。

If each friend met the routine loan early unfortunately, it is suggested to report to the public security organ. Now the routine loan belongs to the target of the public security organ.